The predictive association between radiological findings and lung cancer development in patients exposed to sulfur mustard gas: 4 decades follow up of 719 victims.

Background: Respiratory diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the survivors exposed to Sulfur Mustard (SM). The late abnormalities can be present as chronic bronchitis, tracheobronchial stenosis, asthma, bronchiectasis, airway narrowing, lung fibrosis, and lung cancers. This study aims to investigate the association between radiological findings and lung cancer development in patients exposed to sulfur mustard gas.

Imaging of intestinal vasculitis focusing on MR and CT enterography: a two-way street between radiologic findings and clinical data.

Diagnosis of intestinal vasculitis is often challenging due to the non-specific clinical and imaging findings. Vasculitides with gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations are rare, but their diagnosis holds immense significance as late or missed recognition can result in high mortality rates. Given the resemblance of radiologic findings with some other entities, GI vasculitis is often overlooked on small bowel studies done using computed tomography/magnetic resonance enterography (CTE/MRE).

Getting the GIST: a pictorial review of the various patterns of presentation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors on imaging.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, are a relatively recently described entity. Most exhibit a mutated tyrosine kinase receptor gene and in some capacity are treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. GISTs can occur across the age spectrum but are more common in patients older than 40 years.

Deep pelvic endometriosis: a radiologist's guide to key imaging features with clinical and histopathologic review.

While endometriosis typically affects the ovaries, deep infiltrating endometriosis can affect the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and deep pelvis, awareness of which is important for radiologists. Symptoms are nonspecific and can range from chronic abdominal and deep pelvic pain to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, hematuria, and rectal bleeding. Ultrasound and computed tomography may show nonspecific soft-tissue density masses causing bowel obstruction and hydronephrosis.

Unusual benign solid neoplasms of the kidney: cross-sectional imaging findings.

Kidney neoplasms are common diseases with varying prognoses depending on the subtype of the tumor. The most common solid lesion of the kidney is renal cell carcinoma, and the treatment is typically surgical removal. With increasing use of cross-sectional imaging in the last two decades, the detection of renal lesions has significantly increased, especially in asymptomatic patients who are scanned for other reasons.

Unusual Malignant Solid Neoplasms of the Kidney: Cross-Sectional Imaging Findings.

Malignant kidney neoplasms are the most frequently encountered solid kidney masses. Although renal cell carcinoma is the major renal malignancy, other solid malignant renal masses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid renal masses that do not contain a macroscopic fatty component. In this pictorial essay, we present the imaging findings of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, primary liposarcoma of the kidney, primary neuroendocrine tumor, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, sclerosing fibrosarcoma and renal metastasis of osteosarcoma.

Anomalies, anatomic variants, and sources of diagnostic pitfalls in pancreatic imaging.

In this review, a brief discussion of the important events of pancreatic embryology is followed by presentation of congenital anomalies and normal variants. For each variant, the appearance at different radiologic modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, MR cholangiopancreatography, and fluoroscopy will be demonstrated.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma mimicking a nerve sheath tumor clinically and on MR imaging.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a tumor of the soft tissues arising from the vascular endothelium. It is considered an intermediate grade malignancy. A 42-year-old female patient presented with pain and tingling down her right arm and a mass at the right medial upper extremity.

Angiofibroma: an outcome review of conventional surgical approaches.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor of the nasopharynx, and for its treatment, many surgical approaches have been recommended. However, selecting the appropriate one for the tumor in an advanced stage is still controversial. In this study, we evaluate the rate of recurrence of JNA and its relationship to the preoperative stage as well as various surgical approaches.

Malignant cystic and necrotic liver lesions: a pattern approach to discrimination.

Malignant primary and metastatic lesions of the liver have a myriad of imaging appearances. Discriminating between the various lesions requires an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and imaging characteristics that lead to their malignant appearances. A pattern approach of recognition by imaging with understanding of why particular lesions behave the way they do on sonography, CT, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy can be developed.

Benign focal liver lesions: discrimination from malignant mimickers.

Focal lesions of the liver often have various imaging characteristics which may be interpreted as either benign or malignant. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of these liver lesions may lead to characteristic imaging manifestations, which direct the radiologist to the diagnosis. Benign lesions include congenital hepatic cyst, autosomal dominant polycystic disease, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatic adenoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, peliosis hepatis, focal fatty infiltration, hamartoma, and infectious processes such as hepatic abscess, echinococcal cyst, and candidiasis.

Adrenal masses: mr imaging features with pathologic correlation.

The detection of adrenal lesions has increased with the expanding use of cross-sectional imaging. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often useful for characterizing adrenal masses. Adrenal masses can be classified into various groups on the basis of the presence of intracellular lipid, macroscopic fat, hemorrhage, and cystic changes and the vascularity and shape of the tumor.

Cardiac arrest: abdominal CT imaging features.

We report computed tomographic findings of two unusual cases of sudden cardiac arrest. The imaging features documented include reflux of contrast into the abdomen as indicated by opacification of renal veins, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, and hepatic and renal parenchyma. The reflux of contrast into the portal vein in one patient has not been described in the literature.

Primary bone lymphoma: radiographic-MR imaging correlation.

Primary bone lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy that accounts for less than 5% of all primary bone tumors. The radiographic appearances of primary bone lymphoma are variable, and, because the lesion can appear near normal on plain radiographs, a second modality such as bone scintigraphy or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging should be used. Despite this variability, the presence of a solitary, permeative, metadiaphyseal lesion with a layered periosteal reaction on plain radiographs and a soft-tissue mass on MR images, especially in a patient older than 30 years, is highly suggestive of lymphoma.

Value of bone window settings on CT for revealing appendicoliths in patients with appendicitis.

Objective: Our retrospective study was designed to determine whether the use of bone window settings increases sensitivity of CT for diagnosing appendicitis and for detecting an appendicolith in patients with pathologically confirmed appendicitis.

Conclusion: The use of bone window settings is helpful for detecting appendicoliths when evaluating patients for acute appendicitis, particularly patients in whom evidence of appendicitis is equivocal. In this era of PACS (picture archiving and communication systems), bone window settings should be used routinely.

CT features of renal infarction.

Purpose: To demonstrate the different patterns of renal infarction to avoid pitfalls. To present 'flip-flop enhancement' pattern in renal infarction.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of a total of 41 renal infarction in 37 patients were done.

Breath-hold 3D MR angiography of the renal vasculature using a contrast-enhanced multiecho gradient-echo technique.

Objective: Significant evolution of contrast-enhanced MR angiography for evaluating vascular diseases in the abdomen has occurred during the past several years. The state-of-the-art gradient-echo imaging technique employs a short echo time (TE) and a short repetition time (TR) for rapid vascular imaging with contrast-enhanced MR angiography. However, because of the short TR (< or = 3-8 msec), the background stationary tissue becomes saturated, with resultant poor contrast resolution of visceral organs.

The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.

Study Design: A study on the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of rhBMP-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model.

Summary Of Background Data: RhBMP-2 is an osteoinductive growth factor capable of inducing new bone formation in vivo.

Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the mesenteric circulation: a pictorial essay.

Outstanding results have been achieved with magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, which has become competitive with conventional angiography as a vascular imaging technique. With the advances in gradient technology and the capability of imaging vessels in a single breath hold, one can track an intravenous bolus of paramagnetic contrast agent and evaluate the entire mesenteric circulation. Use of a breath-hold technique obviates the problem of motion artifact.

Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA with centric ordering in k space: a preliminary clinical experience in imaging the abdominal aorta and renal and peripheral arterial vasculature.

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical utility of a contrast-enhanced, centric reordered, three-dimensional (3D) MR angiography (MRA) pulse sequence in imaging the abdominal aorta and renal and peripheral lower extremity arteries. Twenty-eight MRA studies were performed on 23 patients and four volunteers at 1.5 T using a 3D contrast-enhanced, centric reordered pulse sequence.