Advancements in Exosome Proteins for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Detection: With a Focus on Nanotechnology.

Breast cancer, a leading cause of mortality among women, has been recognized as requiring improved diagnostic methods. Exosome proteins, found in small extracellular vesicles, have emerged as a promising solution, reflecting the state of their cell of origin and playing key roles in cancer progression. This review examines their potential in breast cancer diagnosis, discussing advanced isolation and characterization techniques such as ultracentrifugation and microfluidic-based approaches.

Diaqua-dichloridobis[quinazolin-4(1H)-one-κN(3)]nickel(II).

In the title complex, [NiCl(2)(C(8)H(6)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Ni(II) ion is located on an inversion center and is six-coordinated by two N atoms of 1H-quinazolin-4-one ligands, two chloride ions and two water mol-ecules. The water mol-ecules are involved in intra- and inter-molecular O-H⋯O and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding. Inter-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are formed between ligands.

Diaqua-dichloridobis[quinazolin-4(1H)-one-κN]copper(II).

In the title complex, [CuCl(2)(C(8)H(6)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Cu(II) ion is located on an inversion center and is octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms of the 1H-quinazolin-4-one ligand, two chloride ligands and two aqua ligands. The axial Cu-O distances are significantly longer [2.512 (2) Å], than the Cu-N [2.