Mitochondrial augmentation of CD34 cells from healthy donors and patients with mitochondrial DNA disorders confers functional benefit.

Mitochondria are cellular organelles critical for numerous cellular processes and harboring their own circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Most mtDNA associated disorders (either deletions, mutations, or depletion) lead to multisystemic disease, often severe at a young age, with no disease-modifying therapies. Mitochondria have a capacity to enter eukaryotic cells and to be transported between cells.

Fingolimod reduces CXCR4-mediated B cell migration and induces regulatory B cells-mediated anti-inflammatory immune repertoire.

Background: Fingolimod, an oral therapy for patients with relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (MS), traps CC chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7)-expresssing lymphocytes within lymphoid tissues in the periphery, thereby supposedly reducing the infiltration of pathogenic cells into the central nervous system. Additional immunomodulatory effects of Fingolimod, involving cell function, B and T cells interactions and cross-regulation, have scarcely been studied. The objective of this study was to assess how Fingolimod therapy affects B cells functions, namely cell migration, immunoglobullin production and T cell stimulation.