Origin and pathogenicity variation of in China.

Grapevine downy mildew caused by (Pv) is one of the most devastating diseases of grapevine in China. To understand the origin and pathogenicity of Chinese Pv, a total of 193 single-sporangiophore isolates were obtained from 14 Chinese major viticulture areas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Chinese Pv isolates originate from North America and belong to the clade .

Green synthesized silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiONPs) ameliorated the cadmium toxicity in melon by regulating antioxidant enzymes activity and stress-related genes expression.

Green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to reduce heavy metal stress in plants. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) possesses higher toxicity to the crops and ultimately reduces their growth and yield. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of green synthesized SiONPs to reduce toxic effects of Cd in melon (Cucumis melo) by regulating physiological parameters, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulating stress-related gene expression.

Comparative Analysis of Structural and Functional Properties of Dietary Fiber from Four Grape Varieties.

Muscadine grapes are characterized by their large and abundant seeds and hard and thick skins that contain significant amounts of dietary fiber (DF). The current study investigated the chemical constituents, molecular architecture, and physicochemical attributes of DF derived from Muscadine grapes (Granny Val and Alachua) and compared them with those derived from Shine Muscat and Kyoho. Using a combined enzymatic method, the total dietary fiber (TDF) was extracted and divided into two parts: soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF).

Functional Differences of Grapevine Circular RNA in and Grapevine Callus under Abiotic Stress.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as covalently closed single-stranded RNAs and have been proposed to influence plant development and stress resistance. Grapevine is one of the most economically valuable fruit crops cultivated worldwide and is threatened by various abiotic stresses. Herein, we reported that a circRNA () processed from the second exon of the pentatricopeptide repeat family gene was preferentially expressed in leaves and responded to salt and drought but not heat stress in grapevine.

Translational profile of coding and non-coding RNAs revealed by genome wide profiling of ribosome footprints in grapevine.

Translation is a crucial process during plant growth and morphogenesis. In grapevine ( L.), many transcripts can be detected by RNA sequencing; however, their translational regulation is still largely unknown, and a great number of translation products have not yet been identified.

Characterization and identification of grapevine heat stress-responsive microRNAs revealed the positive regulated function of vvi-miR167 in thermostability.

High temperature stress is one of the primary abiotic stresses that restrict fruit tree production. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) with high economic value throughout the world is a cultivated fruit crop, and its growth and development is often influenced by high temperature stress. Studying the heat stress-response mechanism of grapevine has great significance for understanding the acclimation to heat stress.

Root-Zone Restriction Regulates Soil Factors and Bacterial Community Assembly of Grapevine.

Root-zone restriction induces physiological stress on roots, thus limiting the vegetative and enhancing reproductive development, which promotes fruit quality and growth. Numerous bacterial-related growth-promoting, stress-mitigating, and disease-prevention activities have been described, but none in root-restricted cultivation. The study aimed to understand the activities of grapevine bacterial communities and plant-bacterial relationships to improve fruit quality.

Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression levels of genes related to abscisic acid and auxin biosynthesis in grapevine ( L.) under root restriction.

The root system is essential for the stable growth of plants. Roots help anchor plants in the soil and play a crucial role in water uptake, mineral nutrient absorption and endogenous phytohormone formation. Root-restriction (RR) cultivation, a powerful technique, confines plant roots to a specific soil space.

vvi-miPEP172b and vvi-miPEP3635b increase cold tolerance of grapevine by regulating the corresponding MIRNA genes.

As a kind of small molecular weight proteins, many peptides have been discovered, including peptides encoded by pri-miRNA (miPEPs). Similar as traditional phytohormone or signaling molecular, these peptides participate in numerous plant growth processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in plant stress response.

Understanding calcium functionality by examining growth characteristics and structural aspects in calcium-deficient grapevine.

This study characterized growth characteristics and cellular details employing microscopy techniques in hydroponically-grown Ca-sufficient and Ca-deficient grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in a glasshouse. The Ca-deficient vines exhibited significant reductions in shoot length, shoot and trunk fresh weights, leaf area, chlorophyll, which eventually led to drooping, yellowing, and chlorosis of leaves. Roots were less dense and primarily dark and necrotic.

Comparative fungal diversity and dynamics in plant compartments at different developmental stages under root-zone restricted grapevines.

Background: The root-zone restriction cultivation technique is used to achieve superior fruit quality at the cost of limited vegetative and enhanced reproductive development of grapevines. Fungal interactions and diversity in grapevines are well established; however, our knowledge about fungal diversity under the root-zone restriction technique is still unexplored. To provide insights into the role of mycobiota in the regulation of growth and fruit quality of grapevine under root-zone restriction, DNA from rhizosphere and plant compartments, including white roots (new roots), leaves, flowers, and berries of root-zone restricted (treatment) and conventionally grown plants (control), was extracted at three growth stages (full bloom, veraison, and maturity).

Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Grape Pulp during the Growth Process Reveals Systematic Influences under Root Restriction.

The compositions and contents of metabolites in the pulp tissue play critical roles in the fruit quality for table grape. In this study, the effects of root restriction (RR) on the primary and secondary metabolites of pulp tissue at five developmental stages were studied at the metabolomics level, using "Red Alexandria" grape berry ( L.) as materials.

VvMYB114 mediated by miR828 negatively regulates trichome development of Arabidopsis.

Trichome is a specialized structure differentiated during the morphogenesis of plant leaf epidermal cells. In recent years, with the continuous researches on trichome development of Arabidopsis and other plants, more and more genes related to trichome morphogenesis have been discovered, including R2R3-type MYB genes. In this study, we cloned a R2R3-type MYB family gene from grape, VvMYB114, a target gene of vvi-miR828.

Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew.

The cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.

Coding of Non-coding RNA: Insights Into the Regulatory Functions of Pri-MicroRNA-Encoded Peptides in Plants.

Peptides composed of a short chain of amino acids can play significant roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Most of these functional peptides are derived by either processing precursor proteins or direct translation of small open reading frames present in the genome and sometimes located in the untranslated region sequence of a messenger RNA. Generally, canonical peptides serve as local signal molecules mediating short- or long-distance intercellular communication.

Identification, characterization and functional analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) genes in responding to biotic stress and exogenous phytohormone.

Background: Mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) is a large gene family which plays a significant role during plant growth under various environmental stresses. However, knowledge of mTERF genes in grapevine (Vitis L.) is limited.

Arabidopsis downy mildew effector HaRxLL470 suppresses plant immunity by attenuating the DNA-binding activity of bZIP transcription factor HY5.

The oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis delivers diverse effector proteins into host plant cells to suppress the plant's innate immunity. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of action of a conserved RxLR effector, HaRxLL470, in suppressing plant immunity. Genomic, molecular and biochemical analyses were performed to investigate the function of HaRxLL470 and the mechanism of the interaction between HaRxLL470 and the target host protein during H.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of 'Shuanghong'.

'Shuanghong' is a hybrid offspring of wild grapes. This study first releases the complete chloroplast genome of 'Shuanghong' and subjected the sample to phlogenetic analysis. The chloroplast genome is 161,558 bp in length, and comprises a small single-copy region (19,336 bp) and a large single-copy region (89,744 bp), which are seperated by a pair of inverted repeat regions.

Plasmopara viticola effector PvRXLR111 stabilizes VvWRKY40 to promote virulence.

Plasmopara viticola, the causal organism of grapevine downy mildew, secretes a vast array of effectors to manipulate host immunity. Previously, several cell death-inducing PvRXLR effectors have been identified, but their functions and host targets are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of PvRXLR111, a cell death-inducing RXLR effector, in manipulating plant immunity.

effector PvRXLR53 suppresses innate immunity in .

, the casual oomycete of grapevine downy mildew, could cause yield loss and compromise berry quantity. Previously, we have identified several PvRXLR effectors that could suppress plant immunity to promote infection and disease development. In this study, the role of effector, PvRXLR53, in plant-microbe interaction was investigated.

Identifying Plasmopara viticola resistance Loci in grapevine (Vitis amurensis) via genotyping-by-sequencing-based QTL mapping.

Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is a major disease that affects grapevines, and a few resistance (R) genes have been identified thus far. In order to identify R genes, we investigated F progeny from a cross between the downy mildew-resistant Vitis amurensis 'Shuang Hong' and the susceptible Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. The P.

Small RNA Sequencing Analysis of miRNA Expression Reveals Novel Insihts into Root Formation under Root Restriction Cultivation in Grapevine ( L.).

Root restriction cultivation (RRC) can influence plant root architecture, but its root phenotypic changes and molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, phenotype observations of grapevine root under RRC and control cultivation (nRC) at 12 time points were conducted, and the root phenotype showed an increase of adventitious and lateral root numbers and root tip degeneration after RRC cultivation from 70 days after planting (DAP). The 70 and 125 DAP sampling of two different cultivations, named nR70, RR70, nR125, and RR125, were selected for small RNA sequencing.

A miRNA-Encoded Small Peptide, vvi-miPEP171d1, Regulates Adventitious Root Formation.

One of the biggest challenges in clonal propagation of grapevine () is difficulty of rooting. Adventitious root initiation and development are the critical steps in the cutting and layering process of grapevine, but the molecular mechanism of these processes remains unclear. Previous reports have found that microRNA (miRNA)-encoded peptides (miPEPs) can regulate plant root development by increasing the transcription of their corresponding primary miRNA.

Grapevine ABA receptor VvPYL1 regulates root hair development in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Root architecture is very important for plant growth. In this study, we characterized the process of root formation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).