Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Sol-Gel Electrode with Entrapped Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ]: The Effect of NaHCO.

The Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ] complex is acting as a water oxidation catalyst in a homogeneous system. Due to the significance of heterogeneous systems and the effect of bicarbonate on the kinetic, we studied the bicarbonate effect on the heterogeneous electrocatalyst by entrapping the Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ] complex in a sol-gel matrix. We have developed two types of sol-gel electrodes, which differ by the precursor, and are demonstrating their stability over a minimum of 200 electrochemical cycles.

Advanced sol-gel process for efficient heterogeneous ring-closing metathesis.

Olefin metathesis, a powerful synthetic method with numerous practical applications, can be improved by developing heterogeneous catalysts that can be recycled. In this study, a single-stage process for the entrapment of ruthenium-based catalysts was developed by the sol-gel process. System effectiveness was quantified by measuring the conversion of the ring-closing metathesis reaction of the substrate diethyl diallylmalonate and the leakage of the catalysts from the matrix.

In vivo minimally invasive interstitial multi-functional microendoscopy.

Developing minimally invasive methodologies for imaging of internal organs is an emerging field in the biomedical examination research. This paper introduces a new multi-functional microendoscope device capable of imaging of internal organs with a minimal invasive intervention. In addition, the developed microendoscope can also be employed as a monitoring device for measuring local hemoglobin concentration in blood stream when administrated into a blood artery.