Effect of increased fear of falling on falls in patients undergoing HD: A narrative review.

Increased fear of falling (FOF) increases the risk of falling and is an important issue for living an independent life.　Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently fall, and this may be attributed to increased FOF due to common fall risk factors as well as severe chronic kidney disease and HD-related factors.　The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of increased FOF leading to falls in patients undergoing HD.

A primordial noble gas component discovered in the Ryugu asteroid and its implications.

Ryugu is the C-type asteroid from which material was brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 mission. A number of individual grains and fine-grained samples analysed so far for noble gases have indicated that solar wind and planetary (known as P1) noble gases are present in Ryugu samples with concentrations higher than those observed in CIs, suggesting the former to be more primitive compared to the latter. Here we present results of analyses of three fine-grained samples from Ryugu, in one of which Xe concentration is an order of magnitude higher than determined so far in other samples from Ryugu.

Effects of cluster size on trypophobic discomfort in children aged 4-9 years.

It has been reported that strong discomfort associated with clusters of circles and holes (trypophobia), including lotus pod seeds, manifests in individuals as young as 4 or 5 years old. This study investigated how the size and number of circles within clusters affected discomfort levels in adults and in children aged 4-9 years. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that the remote experimental procedure could evoke discomfort when participants were presented with cluster images.

Relationship Among Falls, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity Level in Patients on Hemodialysis.

Objective: Patients on hemodialysis are highly susceptible to falls and fractures. Amplified apprehension regarding the fear of falling (FOF) constitutes a risk factor that restricts physical activity and escalates the probability of falls among the elderly population. This study aimed to elucidate the association between falls and FOF and physical activity in patients on hemodialysis.

Protein intake and its relationship with frailty in chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to frailty because of a range of nutrition-related factors. While protein restriction is commonly advised to preserve kidney function in patients with CKD, insufficient protein intake could potentially exacerbate frailty risk. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between frailty and protein intake in patients with CKD.

Low muscle strength and physical function contribute to falls in hemodialysis patients, but not muscle mass.

Introduction: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a higher incidence of fractures than the general population. Sarcopenia is frequently observed in patients on HD; however, the association of falls with sarcopenia and its diagnostic factors, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, are incompletely understood.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single center.

Use of the dTAG system in vivo to degrade CDK2 and CDK5 in adult mice and explore potential safety liabilities.

The degradation tag (dTAG) system for target protein degradation can remove proteins from biological systems without the drawbacks of some genetic methods, such as slow kinetics, lack of reversibility, low specificity, and the inability to titrate dosage. These drawbacks can make it difficult to compare toxicity resulting from genetic and pharmacological interventions, especially in vivo. Because the dTAG system has not been studied extensively in vivo, we explored the use of this system to study the physiological sequalae resulting from CDK2 or CDK5 degradation in adult mice.

Solvent-Induced Negative Energetic Elasticity in a Lattice Polymer Chain.

The negative internal energetic contribution to the elastic modulus (negative energetic elasticity) has been recently observed in polymer gels. This finding challenges the conventional notion that the elastic moduli of rubberlike materials are determined mainly by entropic elasticity. However, the microscopic origin of negative energetic elasticity has not yet been clarified.

Preschool children aged 4 to 5 years show discomfort with trypophobic images.

The fear or disgust of clustered patterns, such as honeycomb or lotus seed pods, is known as trypophobia. A previous developmental study reported that 4-year-old children prefer neutral images over clustered images. However, whether those results indicated higher rating scores for trypophobic images has been controversial.

Cabbage Core Powder as a New Food Material for Paste Preparation with "Nata Puree".

Cabbage core (CC) is regarded as a waste part of the vegetable, despite being edible and containing various nutritional and functional compounds. We investigated the properties of CC powder with particle sizes < 1 mm as a new food material. CC powder was more resistant to structural deformation than leaf-derived powder, particularly CC powder with particles ≥ 0.

Rehabilitation Nutrition in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Cachexia.

Rehabilitation nutrition is a proposed intervention strategy to improve nutritional status and physical function. However, rehabilitation nutrition in patients with cachexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW), which are the main nutrition-related problems in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the current evidence and interventions related to rehabilitation nutrition for cachexia and PEW in patients with CKD.

Data on atmospheric I concentrations and I/Cs ratios for suspended air particulate matter dispersed in eastern Japan just after the 2011 nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan.

Data of the atmospheric activity concentrations (in Bq/m) of I dispersed into the environment as aerosol immediately after the nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 are presented. The radioactivity of I was determined in suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected on filter tapes at 41 SPM monitoring sites in Fukushima and other prefectures in eastern Japan including the metropolitan area. For quantitative determination of I in SPM samples by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), I was chemically separated.

Noble gases and nitrogen in samples of asteroid Ryugu record its volatile sources and recent surface evolution.

The near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is expected to contain volatile chemical species that could provide information on the origin of Earth's volatiles. Samples of Ryugu were retrieved by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We measured noble gas and nitrogen isotopes in Ryugu samples and found that they are dominated by presolar and primordial components, incorporated during Solar System formation.

Dynamic and static balance functions in hemodialysis patients and non-dialysis dependent CKD patients.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of falls, whereas the impairment in balance function and their types in HD compared with non-dialysis dependent (ND) CKD have not been fully evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the balance function in 91 ND-CKD and 65 HD patients. The participants underwent the timed up-and-go (TUG) test to assess dynamic balance and the length of the center of pressure (CoP) with open eyes or closed eyes to evaluate static balance.

Organic Acid Analysis in Green Tea Leaves Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography.

Green tea is a popular refreshing drink with several functional properties attributed to its bioactive compounds. The bioactive content and composition vary with several factors. Several advances in chromatographic studies have facilitated the study of chemical composition of green tea leaves; however, the content of organic acids, particularly quinic acid, has not been explored fully.

Ingestion of carbonated water increases middle cerebral artery blood velocity and improves mood states in resting humans exposed to ambient heat stress.

Sugar-free carbonated water is consumed worldwide. The consumption of carbonated water is high in summer, when the heat loss responses of sweating and skin vasodilation are activated, and thermal perceptions (thermal sensation and comfort) and mood states are negatively modulated. However, whether ingesting carbonated water under ambient heat exposure modulates cerebral blood flow index, heat loss responses, thermal perceptions, and mood states remains to be determined.

Relationship between Nutrition-Related Problems and Falls in Hemodialysis Patients: A Narrative Review.

Falls are a social problem that increase healthcare costs. Hemodialysis (HD) patients need to avoid falling because fractures increase their risk of death. Nutritional problems such as frailty, sarcopenia, undernutrition, protein-energy wasting (PEW), and cachexia may increase the risk of falls and fractures in patients with HD.

Dual functional catalysis of [NbO]-modified Au/AlO.

A catalyst prepared by modifying the surface of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on AlO with [NbO] clusters had specific base and reduction abilities, and the reduction of -nitrophenol to -aminophenol using H as a reductant proceeded efficiently with the dual functional catalyst. At the interface between Au NPs and basic [NbO], heterolytically cleaved hydrogen species are generated, which can efficiently react with nitrophenolate ions generated by base catalysis. Moreover, this surface modification strategy was applicable to the reduction of other nitro compounds.

Developmental Changes in the Magnitude of Representational Momentum Among Nursery School Children: A Longitudinal Study.

Representational momentum (RM) is a well-known phenomenon that occurs when a moving object vanishes suddenly and the memory of its final or vanishing position is displaced forward in the direction of its motion. Many studies have shown evidence of various perceptual and cognitive characteristics of RM in various daily aspects, sports, development, and aging. Here we examined the longitudinal developmental changes in the displacement magnitudes of RM among younger (5-year-old) and older (6-year-old) nursery school children for pointing and judging tasks.

Developmental changes in gaze patterns in response to radial optic flow in toddlerhood and childhood.

A large field visual motion pattern (optic flow) with a radial pattern provides a compelling perception of self-motion; a radially expanding/contracting optic flow generates the perception of forward/backward locomotion. Moreover, the focus of a radial optic flow, particularly an expansive flow, is an important visual cue to perceive and control the heading direction during human locomotion. Previous research has shown that human gaze patterns have an "expansion bias": a tendency to be more attracted to the focus of expansive flow than to the focus of contractive flow.

Dysfunction in dynamic, but not static balance is associated with risk of accidental falls in hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have a high incidence of falls. Impairment of balance function is a risk factor for falls in the general elderly, and no report examining the association between balance dysfunction and fall incidence in HD patients exists.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single center.