mutation causes human otosclerosis and a similar phenotype in mice.

Background: Otosclerosis is a common cause of adult-onset progressive hearing loss, affecting 0.3%-0.4% of the population.

The Effects of 4%Fe on the Performance of Pure Zinc as Biodegradable Implant Material.

The efforts to develop structural materials for biodegradable metal implants have lately shifted their focus from Magnesium and Iron base alloys towards Zinc. This was mainly due to the accelerated corrosion rate of Mg that is accompanied by hydrogen gas evolution, formation of voluminous iron oxide products with reduced degradation rate in the case of Iron implants and the crucial role of Zn in many physiological processes. However the mechanical properties and degradation capabilities of pure zinc in physiological environment are limited and do not comply with the requirements of biodegradable implants.

In vivo performances of pure Zn and Zn-Fe alloy as biodegradable implants.

The disadvantage of current biodegradable metals such as Mg and Fe is the release of hydrogen gas in vivo that can cause gas embolism and the production of voluminous iron oxide that can cause inflammation, respectively. Such considerations have turned focus towards Zn as an alternative. This is based on the fact that Zn plays a crucial role in many physiological processes, as well as potentially being biocompatible and capable of with biodegradation.

Targeted overexpression of the two colony-stimulating factor-1 isoforms in osteoblasts differentially affects bone loss in ovariectomized mice.

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) is one of two cytokines required for normal osteoclastogenesis. There are two major isoforms of CSF1, the cell-surface or membrane-bound isoform (mCSF1) and soluble CSF1 (sCSF1). Whether these isoforms serve nonredundant functions in bone is unclear.

Depot-specific adipocyte cell lines reveal differential drug-induced responses of white adipocytes--relevance for partial lipodystrophy.

Intra-abdominal (IA) fat functionally differs from subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue, likely contributing to its stronger association with obesity-induced morbidity and to differential response to medications. Drug-induced partial lipodystrophy, like in response to antiretroviral agents, is an extreme manifestation of the different response of different fat depots, with loss of SC but not IA. Investigating depot-specific adipocyte differences is limited by the low accessibility to IA fat and by the heterogenous cell population comprising adipose tissue.

Macrophage infiltration into omental versus subcutaneous fat across different populations: effect of regional adiposity and the comorbidities of obesity.

Context: Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue has been demonstrated to accompany obesity, with a potential preferential infiltration into intraabdominal vs. sc fat.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether this occurs across different populations with a range of body mass indexes and to assess the relationship with regional adiposity and comorbidity of obesity.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases, inhibitory-kappaB kinase, and insulin signaling in human omental versus subcutaneous adipose tissue in obesity.

MAPKs and inhibitory-kappaB kinase (IKK) were suggested to link various conditions thought to develop in adipose tissue in obesity (oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation) with insulin resistance. Yet whether in obesity these kinases are affected in a fat-depot-differential manner is unknown. We assessed the expression and phosphorylation of these kinases in paired omental and abdominal-sc fat biopsies from 48 severely obese women (body mass index > 32 kg/m(2)).

The cell-surface isoform of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) restores but does not completely normalize fecundity in CSF1-deficient mice.

The complete genetic absence of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in CSF1-deficient Csf1(op)/Csf1(op) mice leads to reproductive defects in males and females. Although the cell-surface or membrane-bound isoform of CSF1 (mCSF1) is biologically active in bone, little is known about its role in reproduction. Transgenic mice expressing mCSF1 under the control of the 2.

The beta-1 adrenergic antagonist, betaxolol, improves working memory performance in rats and monkeys.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that beta adrenergic receptor stimulation has no effect on the cognitive functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Blockade of beta-1 and beta-2 receptors in the PFC with the mixed beta-1/beta-2 antagonist, propanolol, had no effect on spatial working memory performance. However, more selective blockade of beta-1 or beta-2 receptors might show efficacy if the two receptors have opposite effects on PFC function.

Successful cyclosporine treatment for atopic dermatitis in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).

A juvenile (1 year old ) female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) developed a chronic active skin condition characterized by pruritus, erythema, alopecia, scaling, exfoliation, and lichenification. Lesions were limited to the ventrum, specifically rostral mandible and neck, axilla and inguinal regions, distal extremities, and interdigital regions. Differential diagnoses included infection, dietary deficiency, metabolic abnormality, endocrinopathy, and immunological injury.

Femoral fracture repair and postoperative management in new zealand white rabbits.

Low bone density and large muscle mass predispose rabbits to femoral fractures. However, there are few reports describing treatment and prognosis. Two New Zealand White rabbits presented with unilateral left rear limb abduction and lateral rotation of the distal left rear limb 2 and 17 days after experimental surgery to create a "stair step" in the patellar groove of the left medial femoral chondyle.