The A226D Mutation of OmpC Leads to Increased Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics in .

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can lead to long-lasting, hard-to-cure infections that pose significant threats to human health. One key mechanism of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is to reduce the antibiotic permeation of cellular membranes. For instance, the lack of outer membrane porins (OMPs) can lead to elevated AMR levels.

Performance of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Chinese Population.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been used as an effective biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening; however, not all HCC patients can be detected with an elevated AFP level, especially in early HCC patients. Protein Induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is another serum biomarker linked to HCC; however, sensitivity and specificity remain controversial and data in Chinese groups is even rarer.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of PIVKA-II alone and combined with AFP in HCC screening in Chinese population.