Publications by authors named "Shipley M"
Herpes simples virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of blindness globally. During primary infection, HSV-1 travels to the trigeminal ganglia and establishes lifelong latency. Although some treatments can reduce symptom severity and recurrence, there is no cure for HSV-1 keratitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We hypothesise that subclinical myocardial injury during midlife, indexed by increases in cardiac troponin I, is associated with accelerated cognitive decline, smaller structural brain volume, and higher risk of dementia.
Design: Longitudinal cohort study.
Setting: Civil service departments in London (Whitehall II study).
Prognostic Significance and Associations of Neural Network-Derived Electrocardiographic Features.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the use of advanced neural network-derived ECG features to predict cardiovascular disease and mortality, aiming to uncover subtle, important indicators that traditional methods might miss.
- Using data from over 1.8 million patients and various international cohorts, researchers identified three distinct phenogroups, with one, phenogroup B, showing a significantly higher mortality risk—20% more than phenogroup A.
- The findings suggest that neural network ECG features not only indicate future health risks like atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease but also highlight specific genetic loci that may contribute to these risks.
Article Synopsis
- - After HSV-1 virus enters host cells, its genome quickly becomes heterochromatinized, limiting viral gene expression, but it needs to de-repress this chromatin for effective replication.
- - The HSV-1 genome has encoded CTCF insulators that are crucial for regulating the transcription of immediate early (IE) genes throughout the virus's life cycle, with a specific focus on the CTRL2 insulator linked to gene silencing during latency.
- - Research using a recombinant virus lacking the CTRL2 insulator revealed that this absence led to reduced gene expression and replication defects, as increased repressive histone markers around the IE gene regions hindered chromatin accessibility during early infection stages.
Purpose: To describe program characteristics and outcomes of a residential substance use recovery program serving pregnant and parenting women in a rural and urban location.
Description: This assessment of administrative records from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2022, included women in a rural (n = 140) and urban (n = 321) county in Kentucky.
Assessment: This retrospective case study used descriptive and non-parametric analyses to assess the population and examine differences between locations, race, and ethnicity for women served.
Heart rate, a measure of the frequency of the cardiac cycle, reflects the health of the cardiovascular system, metabolic rate, and activity of the autonomic nervous system. Whether changes in resting heart rate are related to lifespan has not yet been explored to our best knowledge. In this study, we examined the association between resting heart rate and lifespan using linear regression in the Paris Prospective Study I, the Whitehall I Study, and the Framingham Heart Study.
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- Pneumonia is a common issue for people who have received solid organ transplants, affecting both their health and the success of the transplant.
- A study analyzed clinical data from nearly 7,500 patients, separating solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients from non-transplant (NT) patients, revealing that SOT recipients tend to be younger, more often male, and have more health complications.
- Findings indicate that SOT recipients face significantly higher mortality rates, especially at the one-year mark, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and follow-up care for these patients.
Aims: The 2021 European Society of Cardiology prevention guidelines recommend the use of (lifetime) risk prediction models to aid decisions regarding initiation of prevention. We aimed to update and systematically recalibrate the LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease (LIFE-CVD) model to four European risk regions for the estimation of lifetime CVD risk for apparently healthy individuals.
Methods And Results: The updated LIFE-CVD (i.
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality has declined substantially in the United Kingdom (UK) in recent decades, but the continued relevance of conventional risk factors for prediction of CVD mortality throughout the life-course is uncertain. We compared the 10-year risks and lifetime risks of CVD mortality associated with conventional risk factors recorded in middle and old age.
Methods: The Whitehall study was a prospective study of 19,019 male London civil servants (mean age 52 years) when enrolled in 1967-1970 and followed-up for 50 years for cause-specific mortality.
Birth is an inflammatory event for the newborn, characterized by elevations in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α peripherally and/or centrally, as well as changes in brain microglia. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these responses is unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory cascades upon recognition of endogenous or exogenous antigens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To describe network structure and alignment across organizations in healthcare, public health, and social services sectors that serve pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorder (SUD) in an urban and a rural community.
Data Sources And Study Settings: Two community networks, one urban and one rural with each including a residential substance use treatment program, in Kentucky during 2021.
Study Design: Social network analysis measured system collaboration and cross-sector alignment between healthcare, public health, and social services organizations, applying the Framework for Aligning Sectors.
Article Synopsis
- * If hypertension prevalence remains steady, there could be a slight increase in deaths by 2060, while changes in dementia and disability would be minimal; on the flip side, reducing hypertension prevalence by 50% could lead to fewer deaths and a slight increase in dementia cases.
- * The findings suggest that implementing effective hypertension prevention strategies is crucial for increasing future life expectancy, highlighting the importance of managing blood pressure in public health.
Background: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin testing is a promising tool for cardiovascular risk prediction, but whether serial testing can dynamically predict risk is uncertain. We evaluated the trajectory of cardiac troponin I in the years prior to a cardiovascular event in the general population, and determine whether serial measurements could track risk within individuals.
Methods: In the Whitehall II cohort, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured on three occasions over a 15-year period.
It has been 49 years since the last discovery of a new virus family in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A large-scale screen to determine the diversity of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in S. cerevisiae has identified multiple novel viruses from the family Partitiviridae that have been previously shown to infect plants, fungi, protozoans, and insects.
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- Cardiac troponin levels are generally lower in women compared to men, and this study evaluates how these levels change with age and risk factors, focusing on both sexes over a 15-year period.
- Researchers used the Whitehall II cohort, measuring troponin levels in 2,142 women and 5,151 men to see how these levels relate to cardiovascular outcomes like heart attacks and strokes.
- Results showed that while women had consistently lower troponin levels, their levels increased more with age compared to men, and changes in troponin levels were linked to cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in women.
Introduction: Human health and wellbeing may depend on economic growth, the implication being that policymakers need to choose between population health and the health of ecosystems. Over two decades of low economic growth, Japan's life expectancy grew. Here we assess the temporal changes of subjective health and health inequality during the long-term low economic growth period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIt remains unclear whether a total exposure to air pollution (AP) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Little is known on the association in low- and middle-income countries. Two cohort studies in China (in Anhui cohort 1402 older adults aged ≥ 60 followed up for 10 years; in Zhejiang cohort 6115 older adults followed up for 5 years) were conducted to examine particulate matter - PM associated with all dementia and air quality index (AQI) with Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMusic Performance Anxiety in Musical Theater Performers: A Pilot Study.
J Dance Med Sci
December 2022
Performance anxiety (PA) is debilitating and impacts the sufferer's ability to perform. Forgetfulness, concentration loss, and physical symptoms develop, leading to some giving up performing.
Methods: An online questionnaire was used to gather data, including demographic questions and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI).
Background: It is unclear whether replacing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement for diagnosing diabetes is justified. We aimed to assess the proportion of OGTT-diagnosed diabetes cases that can be confirmed by HbA1c and to examine whether individuals with OGTT diagnosis but nondiagnostic HbA1c are at higher risk of macrovascular and microvascular disease.
Methods: Participants were 5773 men and women from the population-based Whitehall II prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom.
Hypertension is the main modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but discovering molecular mechanisms for targeted treatment has been challenging. Here we investigate associations of blood metabolite markers with hypertension by integrating data from nine intercontinental cohorts from the COnsortium of METabolomics Studies. We included 44,306 individuals with circulating metabolites (up to 813).
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- There are worries about how the slowing down of heart disease cases might affect health and costs related to dementia and disability.
- The study used a model to predict costs if heart disease stays the same or continues to decrease, showing a potential cost of about £54 billion over ten years.
- Because heart disease cases aren’t dropping like before, health and social care costs could rise a lot, especially after the impact of COVID-19, so better heart health programs are needed now.
Article Synopsis
- This study examines the impact of alcohol consumption on the number of disease-free years lived between ages 40 and 75.
- It analyzes data from nearly 130,000 adults across multiple cohorts, categorizing them by drinking habits and tracking chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
- Findings reveal that never-drinkers and moderate drinkers (without binge habits) enjoy the longest disease-free lifespans, while heavy drinkers face significantly shorter disease-free periods.
Article Synopsis
- - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) leads to chronic infections in humans, which include outbreaks and a hidden phase affecting neuronal ganglia; HSV-1 has recently become a major cause of first-time genital herpes cases in many areas.
- - This study analyzed 33 HSV-1 genomes from five couples to understand how the virus behaves and changes after transmission, revealing high conservation of genomes across pairs but varying minor genetic differences.
- - Findings indicated that even within a few days, genetic changes can occur post-transmission, highlighting the dynamic relationship between HSV-1 genetics and its ability to spread among infected individuals.