Exosome-derived circ-001422 promotes tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization to accelerate the progression of glioma.

Cytokines, tumor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages play crucial roles in the composition of glioma tissue. Studies have demonstrated that certain cytokines can induce M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and contribute to the progression of glioma. Nonetheless, the intricate molecular interactions among cytokines, glioma cells, and tumor-associated macrophages remain largely unexplored.

Fluorescent cellulose nanofibrils hydrogels for sensitive detection and efficient adsorption of Cu and Cr.

Increasing chromium and copper pollution poses a significant threat to the global environment and human health. It is crucial to detect and remove Cu (II) and Cr (VI) from water. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)-based hydrogels were a natural, abundant, and biocompatible material that has attracted great attention for bio adsorption applications.

FOXP3 promote the progression of glioblastoma via inhibiting ferroptosis mediated by linc00857/miR-1290/GPX4 axis.

The oncogenic properties of members belonging to the forkhead box (FOX) family have been extensively documented in different types of cancers. In this study, our objective was to investigate the impact of FOXP3 on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. By conducting a screen using a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) library, we discovered a significant association between FOXP3 and ferroptosis in GBM cells.

An immune signature to predict the prognosis of -wildtype glioma patients and guide immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Immune and stromal cells contribute to glioma progression by infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. We used clinical characteristics, RNA sequencing data and the ESTIMATE algorithm to obtain stromal and immune scores for alpha thalassemia retardation syndrome X-linked ()-mutation-type (-mt) and -wildtype (-wt) glioma tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas. To identify specific immune biomarkers of glioma, we compared the gene expression profiles of -wt glioma tissues with high vs.

Ar-turmerone inhibits the proliferation and mobility of glioma by downregulating cathepsin B.

Ar-turmerone, a compound isolated from turmeric seeds, has exhibited anti-malignant, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we assessed the effects of ar-turmerone on glioma cells. U251, U87 and LN229 glioma cell lines were treated with different concentrations of ar-turmerone (0, 50, 100 and 200 μM), and their viability and mobility were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays.

Preparation and properties of lignin-based dual network hydrogel and its application in sensing.

Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from various biological macromolecules are ideal materials for the manufacture of human motion sensors from the perspective of resource regeneration and environmental sustainability. However, it is now difficult to develop conductive hydrogels including excellent self-healing and mechanical properties, mainly due to their inherent trade-off between dynamic cross-linked healing and stable cross-linked mechanical strength. In this work, alkali lignin-Polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid double network conductive hydrogels with high mechanical strength and good self-healing properties were prepared.

Outer membrane protein A of Acinetobacter baumannii regulates pulmonary inflammation through the TLR2-NF-κB pathway.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is characterized by a high prevalence of drug resistance; how to effectively treat it is still a major clinical challenge. Our previous experiments confirmed that ompA, which is one of the most well-characterized virulence factors, may be dependent on the caspase-1 pathway-stimulated expression of NLRP3 inflammasome to enhance inflammation.

Fabrication of lignin reinforced hybrid hydrogels with antimicrobial and self-adhesion for strain sensors.

Ionic conductive hydrogels prepared from various biological macromolecules are ideal materials for the manufacture of human motion sensors from the perspective of resource regeneration and environmental sustainability. However, it is still challenging to prepare hydrogels with both high toughness and self-healing ability. In this study, lignin-based β-CD-PVA (LCP) self-healing conductive hydrogels with high tensile properties were prepared by one-step method using alkali lignin as a plasticizer.

Effects of Edaravone on Functional Recovery of a Rat Model with Spinal Cord Injury Through Induced Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells.

Edaravone can induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into neuron-like cells and replace lost cells by transplanting neuron-like cells to repair spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, BMSCs were derived from the bone marrow of male Wistar rats (4 weeks old) through density gradient centrifugation (1.073 /mL), and the cell purity of BMSCs was up to 95%.

Preparation of a boronate-affinity monolithic column for adsorption of nucleosides.

Chitosan is a considerably versatile and promising biomaterial and can easily form a 3D hierarchical porous scaffold. In this work, a novel boronate-affinity monolithic column modified with a boronic acid-chitosan complex was prepared and characterized by different methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, specific surface area analysis and pore size distribution analysis. The synthesized monolithic column was used for polymer monolithic microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of cytidine, uridine, inosine, and guanosine in milk powder samples.

Secondary organic aerosol formation from C-initiated oxidation of 4-ethylguaiacol in atmospheric aqueous-phase.

In this study, we investigated aqueous-phase triplet excited states (C)-induced photo-degradation of 4-ethylguaiacol (EG) under both simulated sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiations. Through quencher experiments, the relative contributions of reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as O/O/·OH) and C were calculated and results showed three reactive species, e.g.

Dissipation, transformation and accumulation of triclosan in soil-earthworm system and effects of biosolids application.

Triclosan (TCS), widely used as an antimicrobial ingredient, is usually introduced into soil by biosolids application, and has presented potential risk in agro-ecosystem. The dissipation pathways of TCS in soil were analyzed in the presence and absence of earthworms (including Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida). Meanwhile the accumulation and transformation potentials of TCS in the two earthworms were evaluated.

A comprehensive investigation of aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation of 4-ethylphenol.

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) species formed in atmospheric aqueous phases is recently recognized as an important contributor to fine aerosols, which is known to be a prominent human health risk factor internationally. This work, for the first time, systematically investigated aqueous-phase photochemical oxidation of 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) - a model compound from biomass burning and a surrogate of intermediate volatility organic compounds, under both ultraviolet (UV) (Hg lamp) and simulated sunlight (Xe lamp). We found that 4-EP could degrade upon hydroxal radical (OH) oxidation under UV light nearly 15 times faster than that under simulated sunlight, but large aqueous SOA (aqSOA) yields (108%-122%) were observed under both situations.

[Pollution Characteristics and Source Identification of PAHs in Atmospheric PM in Changzhou City].

A total of 55 ambient fine particle (PM) samples were collected in Changzhou City from January to August 2016. The concentrations of 17 PM-bound PAHs in the samples were analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that seasonal average mass concentrations of PAHs in winter, spring, and summer were 140.

Preparation of chiral-at-metal catalysts and their use in asymmetric photoredox chemistry.

Asymmetric catalysis is a powerful approach for the synthesis of optically active compounds, and visible light constitutes an abundant source of energy to enable chemical transformations, which are often triggered by photoinduced electron transfer (photoredox chemistry). Recently, bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes were introduced as a novel class of catalysts for combining asymmetric catalysis with visible-light-induced photoredox chemistry. These catalysts are attractive because of their unusual feature of chirality originating exclusively from a stereogenic metal center, which offers the prospect of an especially effective asymmetric induction upon direct coordination of the substrate to the metal center.

Combining the catalytic enantioselective reaction of visible-light-generated radicals with a by-product utilization system.

We report an unusual reaction design in which a chiral bis-cyclometalated rhodium(iii) complex enables the stereocontrolled chemistry of photo-generated carbon-centered radicals and at the same time catalyzes an enantioselective sulfonyl radical addition to an alkene. Specifically, employing inexpensive and readily available Hantzsch esters as the photoredox mediator, Rh-coordinated prochiral radicals generated by a selective photoinduced single electron reduction are trapped by allyl sulfones in a highly stereocontrolled fashion, providing radical allylation products with up to 97% ee. The hereby formed fragmented sulfonyl radicals are utilized an enantioselective radical addition to form chiral sulfones, which minimizes waste generation.

Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Sterically Highly Demanding Chiral-at-Rhodium Lewis Acid.

The enantioselective catalytic alkynylation of aromatic aldehydes is reported using a sterically highly hindered bis-cyclometalated rhodium-based Lewis acid catalyst featuring the octahedral metal as the only stereogenic center. Yields of 58-98% with 79-98% enantiomeric excess were achieved using 1-2 mol % of catalyst. This work complements previous work from our laboratory on the enantioselective alkynylation of 2-trifluoroacetyl imidazoles (Chem.

Investigation of submicron aerosol characteristics in Changzhou, China: Composition, source, and comparison with co-collected PM.

Mass concentrations and chemical compositions of submicron particles (PM) collected during July 2015 to April 2016 in Changzhou, a city in the Yangtze River Delta region, were systematically investigated for the first time. Specifically, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was employed to characterize the water-soluble organic matter (WSOM). The average concentration of PM was 63.

Organocatalytic, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (-)-Haliclonin A.

The first total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-haliclonin A is reported. The asymmetric synthesis relied on a novel organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of nitromethane with 3-alkenyl cyclohex-2-enone to set the stereochemistry of the all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. The synthesis also features a Pd-promoted cyclization to form the 3-azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane core, a SmI2 -mediated intermolecular reductive coupling of enone with aldehyde to form the requisite secondary chiral alcohol, ring-closing alkene and alkyne metathesis reactions to build the two aza-macrocyclic ring systems, and an unprecedented direct transformation of enol into enone.

Complexity generation by chemical synthesis: a five-step synthesis of (-)-chaetominine from L-tryptophan and its biosynthetic implications.

We demonstrated, for the first time, that on the basis of chemistry principles, the hexacyclic peptidyl alkaloid (−)-chaetominine (1) can be synthesized in a straightforward manner from L-Trp. The approach features the efficient generation of molecular complexity via a tandem C3/C14 syn-selective epoxidation (dr = 3:2)–annulative ring-opening reaction and a regioselective epimerization at C14. The successful production of (−)-chaetominine (1) from L-Trp could be helpful for revealing how the configuration of L-tryptophan becomes inverted in the biosynthetic pathway of (−)-chaetominine (1).

The four-step total synthesis of (-)-chaetominine.

The total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-chaetominine (1) has been achieved in four steps with an overall yield of 33.4%. Key features of our strategy include a one-pot cascade indole epoxidation - epoxide ring-opening cyclization - lactamization reaction sequence, and the use of a nitro group as a latent amino group for the one-pot construction of the quinazolinone ring.

Toward the total synthesis of haliclonin A: construction of a tricyclic substructure.

Three keys to success: A concise method for the construction of a tricyclic substructure (2) of haliclonin A (1) in racemic form is described (see figure). This synthesis features a new Pd-mediated chemoselective carbonyl-enone coupling reaction, an organocatalytic reaction, and a ring-closing metathesis reaction for the construction of the macrocyclic ring as key steps.

NSAID sulindac and its analog bind RXRalpha and inhibit RXRalpha-dependent AKT signaling.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their anticancer effects through cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and independent mechanisms. Here, we report that Sulindac, an NSAID, induces apoptosis by binding to retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha). We identified an N-terminally truncated RXRalpha (tRXRalpha) in several cancer cell lines and primary tumors, which interacted with the p85alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K).