The Bi-Functional Paxilline Enriched in Skin Secretion of Tree Frogs () Targets the KCNK18 and BK Channels.

The skin secretion of tree frogs contains a vast array of bioactive chemicals for repelling predators, but their structural and functional diversity is not fully understood. Paxilline (PAX), a compound synthesized by has been known as a specific antagonist of large conductance Ca-activated K Channels (BK). Here, we report the presence of PAX in the secretions of tree frogs () and that this compound has a novel function of inhibiting the potassium channel subfamily K member 18 (KCNK18) channels of their predators.

Impact of weakly charged insoluble karaya gum on zein nanoparticle and mechanism for stabilizing Pickering emulsions.

The effect of weakly charged insoluble karaya gum (KG) on zein colloidal nanoparticles (ZKGPs) for stabilizing Pickering emulsions was investigated. Due to weak surface charge, KG could cover the surface of zein particles by hydrogen bonds and weak electrostatic interactions. With the increase in coverage, the zeta potential of ZKGPs changed from positive to negative values close to zero and the average particle size tended to become larger.

Serum interleukin-38 levels correlated with insulin resistance, liver injury and lipids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Insulin resistance, liver injury and dyslipidemia are reported in non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Interleukin (IL)-38 may take part in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the function of IL-38 in NAFLD is unknown.