Visceral Fat Associated with Worsening of Recurrent Esophageal Varices in Alcoholic/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Cirrhosis.

Background: Alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related liver cirrhosis (ASH/NASH-LC) are major causes of esophageal varices (EVs). However, the association between high visceral fat and exacerbation of EVs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association of visceral fat and recurrence rate of EVs in ASH/NASH-LC and to identify independent predictors associated with recurrence.

Genetic Rare Variants Affecting Multiple Pathways in Japanese Patients with Palindromic Rheumatism.

Palindromic rheumatism (PR) is a type of cryptogenic paroxysmal arthritis. Several genes may be involved in PR pathogenesis; however, conducting comprehensive case-control genetic studies for PR poses challenges owing to its rarity as a disease. Moreover, case-control studies may overlook rare variants that occur infrequently but play a significant role in pathogenesis.

Usefulness of the Palliative Prognostic Index in Predicting Prognosis when Considering the Transition from Hospital to Home Care in Patients with Terminal Stage Cancer.

Background: No accurate prognostic tool is available for patients with cancer who spend their final days at home. In this study, we examined whether performance status (PS) and the palliative prognostic index (PPI), a well-known prognostic tool in palliative care units, could be used to predict prognosis in the home care setting at the time of intervention by home physicians.

Subjects And Methods: Using medical records, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 132 patients who were referred to the Home Clinic Naginoki for home care for terminal stages of carcinoma in situ.

[A Case of Resected Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed with Liver Metastasis and Peritoneal Dissemination after Surgery for Sigmoid Colon Cancer].

We experienced a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)that developed around the kidney about 1 year after surgery for sigmoid colon cancer. In this case, imaging findings suggestive of liver metastasis were also observed at the same time of diagnosis, therefore, diagnosis was difficult because the possibility of peritoneal dissemination could not be ruled out. The lesion was excised by surgery and a definitive diagnosis was obtained by tissue diagnosis, leading to appropriate treatment.

[Evaluation of Bridge to Surgery(BTS) after Stenting for Malignant Colorectal Stenosis].

Objective: To evaluate the current status and postoperative course of nutritional management in bridge to surgery(BTS) after colorectal stenting for malignant colorectal stenosis.

Subjects And Methods: The study included 242 colorectal cancer cases, 27 cases with malignant colorectal stenosis who underwent BTS group, 24 cases with malignant colorectal stenosis who fasted until the day of surgery and consumed drinking water and Elenthal®(no oral intake group), and 191 cases with non-stenotic colorectal cancer (diet group). The study items selected were nutritional management methods before colorectal cancer resection, nutritional assessment, surgical factors, and postoperative course.

Preoperative and Postoperative C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio (CAR) as a Prognostic Marker for Survival of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients After Surgery.

Background/aim: Recent studies have reported that the C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio (CAR) may be a useful prognostic biomarker in various types of cancer patients. However, the mechanism underlying this observation is unclear. The present study aimed to clarify why the CAR can predict post-esophagectomy prognosis, the relationship between pre- and postoperative CAR, and whether postoperative CAR can predict the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with metachronous development in the downstream bile duct after radical resection.

We report a case of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNB) that metachronously developed twice in the downstream bile duct after radical resection. The first lesion was located in the left intrahepatic bile duct, the second lesion in the perihilar bile duct, and the third lesion in the distal bile duct. All lesions were IPNBs with associated invasive carcinoma (pancreatobiliary type).

Solitary choroidal metastasis of distal cholangiocarcinoma: A case report.

Metastatic choroidal carcinoma is rare and generally has a poor prognosis. The present case report describes a case of choroidal metastasis from distal cholangiocarcinoma, which was successfully managed using stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). A 67-year-old Japanese man underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma.

Predictive Postoperative Inflammatory Response Indicators of Infectious Complications Following Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer.

Background: Perioperative factors are useful for predicting postoperative infectious complications (PIC) in gastric cancer. Specifically, postoperative inflammatory response indicators (PIRI), [C-reactive protein (CRP) level, body temperature (BT), and white blood cell (WBC) count], are widely used in clinical practice. We investigated predictive factors for PIC, including PIRI, to establish a simple and practical indicator of postoperative complications after gastrectomy.

An efficient evaluation system for factors affecting the genome editing efficiency in mouse.

Genome editing technology is widely used in the field of laboratory animal science for the production of genetic disease models and the analysis of gene function. One of the major technical problems in genome editing is the low efficiency of precise knock-in by homologous recombination compared to simple knockout via non-homologous end joining. Many studies have focused on this issue, and various solutions have been proposed; however, they have yet to be fully resolved.

Type B2 vessels and infiltrative growth patterns b and c are associated with lymphatic invasion in pT1a-lamina propria mucosa esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tumor growth pattern correlates with outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), however, the clinical significance of the tumor growth pattern in pT1a-lamina propria mucosa (LPM) type of ESCC was unclear. This study was conducted to clarify clinicopathological features of tumor growth patterns in pT1a-LPM type ESCC and the relationship between tumor growth patterns and magnifying endoscopic findings.

Methods: Eighty-seven lesions diagnosed as pT1a-LPM ESCC were included.

Poor Prognosis in Patients With Stage III Colorectal Cancer Receiving Adjuvant FOLFOX/CAPOX Therapy Is Predicted by the Presence of Many Poorly Differentiated Clusters.

Background/aim: Poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) have been reported to be a useful grading system for predicting prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between the number of PDCs and prognosis in patients with stage III CRC treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study of 49 patients with stage III CRC who underwent curative surgery followed by oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Modeling the marmoset brain using embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral assembloids.

Studying the non-human primate (NHP) brain is required for the translation of rodent research to humans, but remains a challenge for molecular, cellular, and circuit-level analyses in the NHP brain due to the lack of in vitro NHP brain system. Here, we report an in vitro NHP cerebral model using marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral assembloids (CAs) that recapitulate inhibitory neuron migration and cortical network activity. Cortical organoids (COs) and ganglionic eminence organoids (GEOs) were induced from cjESCs and fused to generate CAs.

[A Case of Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer].

We report a case of resectable pancreas tail cancer treated with 2 courses of neoadjuvant therapy which is gemcitabine and S-1 therapy, and pathological diagnosis of the resected specimen revealed pathological complete response. A 56-year- old woman was referred to our hospital because she had back pain after eating for 5 months and her previous abdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged pancreatic tail. The tumor size was reduced from 30 mm to 12 mm, and the chemotherapy response was judged to be partial response.

[A Case of Multiple Lung Metastases of Pancreatic Cancer with 50 Months Survival by Sequential Chemotherapy].

We hereby report a case in which a patient with multiple lung metastases of pancreatic cancer continued chemotherapy and maintained good performance status(PS)for 48 months after recurrence. But her disease progressed rapidly after withdrawal of chemotherapy, resulting in her death in a short period of time. The patient was a 66-year-old woman who underwent a substomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer at the age of 60 years.

[Adjuvant Capecitabine for Residual Disease after Standard Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Among Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer].

CREATE-X trial demonstrated the effectiveness of additional capecitabine therapy in prolonging disease-free survival among patients who are HER2 negative, especially those with triple-negative breast cancer who had residual invasive disease after standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated our data regarding adjuvant capecitabine for residual disease. Ten patients were enrolled, and the average age of the patients was 54.

[A Case of Serous Retinal Detachment after Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Cetuximab Treatment for BRAF V600E Mutant Colorectal Cancer].

The patient was a 72-year-old man with a chief complaint of abdominal pain. We performed laparoscopic left hemicolectomy of the colon after descending colon cancer ileus stenting, and postoperative pathology was pT4aN0M0, pStage Ⅱb. In 1.

[The Effects of Bridge to Surgery(BTS)for Malignant Colorectal Stenosis on the Nutritional and Immunological Status].

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effects of bridge to surgery(BTS)for malignant colorectal stenosis on the nutritional and immunological status.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 19 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent BTS were included. We examined the technical success of stenting, clinical improvement, treatment progress after BTS, and nutritional and immunological status changes before and after BTS.

Preoperative Subcutaneous Fat is an Useful Indicator for Learning Totally Extraperitoneal Repair.

Background: Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair is a recommended procedure for inguinal hernia repair in European hernia guidelines. However, technical challenges have limited its uptake in Japan, where transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is more common. We evaluated the association of preoperative subcutaneous fat area (preSFA) with surgical outcomes and identified factors associated with the difficulty of TEP repair.

Multimodal analyses of a non-human primate model harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenes driven by the human EF1α promoter.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia which afflicts tens of millions of people worldwide. Despite many scientific progresses to dissect the AD's molecular basis from studies on various mouse models, it has been suffered from evolutionary species differences. Here, we report generation of a non-human primate (NHP), common marmoset model ubiquitously expressing Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) transgenes with the Swedish (KM670/671NL) and Indiana (V717F) mutations.

Expression of ASC splice variant found in Japanese patients with palindromic rheumatism is regulated by rs8056505 single nucleotide polymorphism and interleukin-1 beta.

Background: Palindromic rheumatism (PR) is an infrequent form of periodic arthritis. Based on the similarity of the pathogenesis of PR to autoinflammatory syndromes, we previously found that the dominant-active splice variant of the inflammasome adaptor protein, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), which lacks exon 2 (Δexon2), is expressed in Japanese patients with PR.

Objective: Elucidation of the mechanism of Δexon2 ASC production and the effect of IL-1β on splicing.

Anti-tumor effect of aquaporin 3 monoclonal antibody on syngeneic mouse tumor model.

Aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a water channel protein, has been found to be involved in cancer progression via water and small molecule transport function. However, drug development targeting AQP3 has not yet begun. Here, we showed that a recently established anti-AQP3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) suppresses tumor growth in allograft mouse colorectal tumor models produced using CT26 or MC38 cancer cells.