Y chromosome analysis for common surnames in the Japanese male population.

For many years of Japan's long history, Japanese surnames have been handed down patrilineally. This study investigated relations between major surnames and Y chromosomal polymorphism among the Japanese male population. To analyze genetic phylogeny in namesakes, the Y-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) plus Y-short tandem repeat (STR) approach was employed.

[Effects of excess vitamin B1 or vitamin B2 on growth and urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins in weaning rats].

To determine the tolerable upper intake levels of vitamin B(1) and vitamin B(2) in humans, we investigated the effects of excess thiamin or riboflavin administration on body weight gain, food intake, tissue weights, and urinary excretion of B-group vitamins in weaning rats. The weaning rats were freely fed ordinary diet containing 0.0006% thiamin-HCl or the same diet with 0.