A conserved human CD4+ T cell subset recognizing the mycobacterial adjuvant, trehalose monomycolate.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes human tuberculosis. As mycobacteria are protected by thick lipid cell wall, humans have developed immune responses against diverse mycobacterial lipids. Most of these immunostimulatory lipids are known as adjuvants acting through innate immune receptors, such as C-type lectin receptors.

Archaeal Glycerolipids Are Recognized by C-Type Lectin Receptor Mincle.

Recently, various metabolites derived from host microbes have been reported to modulate the immune system, with potential involvement in health or diseases. Archaea, prokaryotic organisms, are present in the human body, but their connection with the host is largely unknown when compared to other microorganisms such as bacteria. This study focused on unique glycerolipids from symbiotic methanogenic archaea and evaluated their activities toward an innate immune receptor.

Relationship between olfaction and maxillofacial morphology in children with malocclusion.

Objectives: Functional problems, including nasal flow problems, are associated with specific skeletal and dental features. Further, maxillary expansion has been associated with nasal airway resistance alterations. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between skeletal features and nasal airflow- and olfaction-related problems.

Melanotic oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx as a benign mimicker of malignant melanoma: a case report.

Introduction: Melanotic variant of oncocytic metaplasia of the nasopharynx is an extremely rare condition.

Case Report: A 73-year-old Japanese man presented with nasal congestion and chill. Nasoscopic examination revealed multiple black nodules around the bilateral torus tubarius.