Internal granular progenitors (IGPs) in the developing cerebellar cortex of ferrets differentiate towards neural and glial lineages. The present study tracked IGPs that proliferated in response to valproic acid (VPA) to determine their fate during cerebellar cortical histogenesis. Ferret kits were used to administer VPA (200 μg/g body weight) on postnatal days 6 and 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumoral immunity is vital for host protection, yet aberrant antibody responses can trigger harmful inflammation and immune-related disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, central to humoral immunity, have garnered significant attention for unraveling immune mechanisms. This study shows the role of B-cell Oct-binding protein 1 (Bob1), a transcriptional coactivator, in Tfh cell regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant/antiepileptic drug that regulates neurogenesis. Its effects vary depending on the timing of exposure and the types of neural progenitors involved. Neonatal exposure to VPA causes autism spectrum disorder-like behaviors in some mammalian species, including ferrets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe relationships between T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and antigen-specific immunoglobulins (sIgs) in patients with allergic respiratory diseases who are receiving antigen immunotherapy (AIT) have not been fully clarified. Therefore, we started to perform house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (HDM-SLIT) for 20 patients with atopic asthma comorbid with allergic rhinitis (AA+AR) who were already receiving ordinary treatments including inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). We examined percentages of circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) and regulatory (cTfr) cells and percentages of circulating regulatory T (cTreg) and B (cBreg) cells by FACS and we examined levels of sIgs by ELISA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a natural agonist of toll-like receptor 4 that serves a role in innate immunity. The current study evaluated the LPS-mediated regulation of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors, that is, the basal radial glia and intermediate progenitors (IPs), in ferrets. Ferret pups were subcutaneously injected with LPS (500 μg/g of body weight) on postnatal days (PDs) 6 and 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunohistochemical staining patterns of markers for neurogenesis staging were compared at the identical stage of cerebellar histogenesis between ferrets (aged 20 days) and mice (aged 10 days). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining was observed largely in the granular precursors of the external granular layer (EGL) in both ferrets and mice. PCNA-immunostaining was also found in brain lipid-binding protein-immunopositive cells in the internal granular layer and was more abundant in ferrets than in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT follicular helper (Tfh) cells drive humoral immunity by facilitating B cell responses at the initial and recall phases. Recent studies have indicated the possible involvement of Tfh cells in the process of chronic inflammation. However, the functional role of Tfh cells in persistent immune settings remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplex interactions between keratinocytes and various cell types, such as inflammatory cells and stromal cells, contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin lesions. In proinflammatory cytokine‒mediated disease settings, IL-9 plays a pathological role in inflammatory dermatitis. However, IL-9‒related mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrenatal and neonatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is associated with human autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can alter the development of several brain regions, such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala. Neonatal VPA exposure induces ASD-like behavioral abnormalities in a gyrencephalic mammal, ferret, but it has not been evaluated in brain regions other than the cerebral cortex in this animal. This study aimed to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of brain abnormalities induced by developmental VPA exposure in ferrets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFValproic acid (VPA) treatment is associated with autism spectrum disorder in humans, and ferrets can be used as a model to test this; so far, it is not known whether ferrets react to developmental VPA exposure with gyrencephalic abnormalities. The current study characterized gyrification abnormalities in ferrets following VPA exposure during neonatal periods, corresponding to the late stage of cortical neurogenesis as well as the early stage of sulcogyrogenesis. Ferret pups received intraperitoneal VPA injections (200 μg/g of body weight) on postnatal days (PD) 6 and 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe immunohistochemically characterized postnatal changes in cerebellar cortical cytoarchitectures in ferrets using markers for cerebellar cortical neurons and glial cells. Although 10 lobules of the vermis were already observed on postnatal day (PD) 4, Purkinje cells were still arrayed into two to three layers. Purkinje cells were aligned in a monolayer by PD 10 and formed mature shapes on PD 42 by developing their dendritic arbors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
July 2019
POU domain class 2-associating factor 1 (also called Bob1), which is mainly expressed in B cells, regulates B cell homeostasis and controls humoral immune responses. Although Bob1 is known to function reliably in T cell subsets including follicular helper T cells, Th1 cells and Th2 cells, it is unknown whether Bob1 functions in other T cell subsets. In this study, we found that Bob1 knock out (KO) mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by MOG peptide and that Bob1 KO T cells are defective in Th17 differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To clarify the relationship between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and clinicopathological variables.
Methods: We examined PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (TCs) and tumor infiltrating immune cells (ICs) in 46 cases of cSCC by immunohistochemistry. In each case, we employed two methods-intensity and proportion scores-to evaluate PD-L1 expression in TCs.
There is no standard chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced extramammary Paget's disease, though the effectiveness of some chemotherapy regimens, including docetaxel, has been reported. In this report, we report that TS-1 monotherapy was effective in two patients with advanced extramammary Paget's disease after docetaxel treatment failure. TS-1 monotherapy may be useful as the second-line treatment for patients with advanced extramammary Paget's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) has been used as a tumor marker for several malignancies. However, to date, no studies have assessed whether CYFRA 21-1 could be a useful marker for extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of CYFRA 21-1 as a serum tumor marker for EMPD progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRhododendrol-induced leukoderma is an acquired depigmentation that develops mainly at the contact site after repeated use of skin-whitening cosmetics containing rhododendrol. In most cases, cessation of further depigmentation or occurrence of repigmentation is observed after discontinuing the use of cosmetics. However, some patients develop vitiligo vulgaris through the spread of depigmentation into the non-exposed areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo better understand the mechanism of plastid differentiation from chloroplast to chromoplast, we examined proteome and plastid changes over four distinct developmental stages of 'Micro-Tom' fruit. Additionally, to discover more about the relationship between fruit color and plastid differentiation, we also analyzed and compared 'Micro-Tom' results with those from two other varieties, 'Black' and 'White Beauty'. We confirmed that proteins related to photosynthesis remain through the orange maturity stage of 'Micro-Tom', and also learned that thylakoids no longer exist at this stage.
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