Restrictive Allograft Syndrome After COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) continues to be the leading cause of death in the long term after lung transplantation (LTx). CLAD has the following two main subtypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). BOS features obstructive lung dysfunction, while RAS features restrictive lung dysfunction.

Resting-state networks representation of the global phenomena.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has been widely applied to investigate spontaneous neural activity, often based on its macroscopic organization that is termed resting-state networks (RSNs). Although the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the RSN organization remain largely unknown, accumulating evidence points to a substantial contribution from the global signals to their structured synchronization. This study further explored the phenomenon by taking advantage of the inter- and intra-subject variations of the time delay and correlation coefficient of the signal timeseries in each region using the global mean signal as the reference signal.

Resting-State fMRI: Emerging Concepts for Future Clinical Application.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has been developed as a method of investigating spontaneous neural activity. Based on its low-frequency signal synchronization, rsfMRI has made it possible to identify multiple macroscopic structures termed resting-state networks (RSNs) on a single scan of less than 10 minutes. It is easy to implement even in clinical practice, in which assigning tasks to patients can be challenging.

White and Gray Matter Abnormality in Burning Mouth Syndrome Evaluated with Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging.

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined by a burning sensation or pain in the tongue or other oral sites despite the presence of normal mucosa on inspection. Both psychiatric and neuroimaging investigations have examined BMS; however, there have been no analyses using the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model, which provides detailed information of intra- and extracellular microstructures. Therefore, we performed voxel-wise analyses using both NODDI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models and compared the results to better comprehend the pathology of BMS.

A case of intravascular lymphoma presenting with a lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is difficult to diagnose because its clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging findings are nonspecific. Herein, we report a case of IVL presenting as a lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. A 52-year-old man attended the emergency department with a 2-week history of progressively worsening abnormal behavior and gait disturbance.

Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists.

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors causing neurological complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the performance of observers in detecting BMs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT).

Material And Methods: Three less experienced and three experienced radiologists interpreted 30 NECT scans with 89 BMs in 25 cases to detect BMs with and without the assistance of CAD.

Reliability and sensitivity to altered hemodynamics measured with resting-state fMRI metrics: Comparison with I-IMP SPECT.

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast is sensitive to local hemodynamic changes and thus is applicable to imaging perfusion or vascular reactivity. However, knowledge about its measurement characteristics compared to reference standard perfusion imaging is limited. This study longitudinally evaluated perfusion in patients with steno-occlusive disease using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) acquired before and within nine days of anterior circulation revascularization in patients with large cerebral artery steno-occlusive diseases.

Revisitation of imaging features of skull base chondrosarcoma in comparison to chordoma.

Purpose: Pre-surgical diagnosis of skull base chondrosarcoma (SBC) is often challenging due to the resemblance to chordoma. The goal of this study was to develop an optimal method for predicting SBC diagnosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with histologically diagnosed SBC and skull base chordoma.

The Usefulness of Computer-Aided Detection of Brain Metastases on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Using Single-Shot Multibox Detector: Observer Performance Study.

Objective: This study aimed to test the usefulness of computer-aided detection (CAD) for the detection of brain metastasis (BM) on contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Methods: The test data set included whole-brain axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 25 cases with 62 BMs and 5 cases without BM. Six radiologists from 3 institutions with 2 to 4 years of experience independently reviewed the cases, both in conditions with and without CAD assistance.

Traumatic facial nerve injury: A case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle.

Post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis is a common disease, but intracranial facial nerve injury after blunt injury has rarely been reported. We report a case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle. A 23-year-old female with incomplete right-sided facial nerve palsy and facial spasms presented to our hospital.

Rigid real-time prospective motion-corrected three-dimensional multiparametric mapping of the human brain.

Purpose: To develop a rigid real-time prospective motion-corrected multiparametric mapping technique and to test the performance of quantitative estimates.

Methods: Motion tracking and correction were performed by integrating single-shot spiral navigators into a multiparametric imaging technique, three-dimensional quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with a T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS). The spiral navigator was optimized, and quantitative measurements were validated using a standard system phantom.

Rapid MR Angiography Using 3D Gradient-echo Imaging and the Two-point Dixon Method to Evaluate Carotid Plaque.

Liver acquisition with volume acceleration-flex (LAVA-Flex) acquires out-of-phase and in-phase echo images and automatically generates water-only and fat-only images from one single acquisition. The scan time of carotid MR angiography (MRA) using LAVA-Flex (LAVA MRA) is about one-fifth that of conventional time-of-flight MRA (cTOF MRA). We aimed to investigate whether LAVA MRA could provide useful information for the diagnosis of carotid plaque by utilizing the ability to acquire multiple sequences simultaneously.

Accelerated Two-Point Dixon MR Angiography Improves Diagnostic Performance for Cervical Artery Diseases.

Background: Nonenhanced MR angiography (MRA) studies are often used to manage acute and chronic large cervical artery disease, but lengthy scan times limit their clinical usefulness.

Purpose: To develop an accelerated cervical MRA and test its diagnostic performance.

Study Type: Prospective.

Deep-learning 2.5-dimensional single-shot detector improves the performance of automated detection of brain metastases on contrast-enhanced CT.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) deep-learning, object detection model for the automated detection of brain metastases, into which three consecutive slices were fed as the input for the prediction in the central slice, and to compare its performance with that of an ordinary 2-dimensional (2D) model.

The effect of a post-scan processing denoising system on image quality and morphometric analysis.

Purpose: MR image quality and subsequent brain morphometric analysis are inevitably affected by noise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based post-scan processing denoising system, intelligent Quick Magnetic Resonance (iQMR), on MR image quality and brain morphometric analysis.

Methods: We used 1.

Reliability and Sensitivity to Longitudinal CBF Changes in Steno-Occlusive Diseases: ASL Versus I-IMP-SPECT.

Background: Noninvasive cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging is useful for managing large cerebral artery steno-occlusive diseases. However, knowledge about its measurement characteristics in comparison with reference standard perfusion imaging is limited.

Purpose: To evaluate perfusion in a longitudinal manner in patients with steno-occlusive disease using ASL and compare with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in partial remission.

Toxoplasma gondii can develop toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in immunodeficient conditions such as AIDS and after organ transplantation. While some cases of TE with malignant lymphoma were reported, these cases occurred immediately after chemotherapy or when their diseases were active. Here we report the first Case of TE that occurred in patient who was in partial remission (PR) of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) for two years.

Reproducibility of Longitudinal Changes in Cortical Thickness Determined by Surface-Based Morphometry Between Non-Accelerated and Accelerated MR Imaging.

Background: Scan acceleration such as parallel imaging reduces scan time, but shorter scan time may reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and affect image quality. The reproducibility of longitudinal changes in the brain structure between non-accelerated and accelerated imaging by surface-based analysis is unclear.

Purpose: To determine the reproducibility of longitudinal changes in cortical thickness, measured by surface-based morphometry, between non-accelerated and accelerated structural T -weighted imaging in the healthy elderly and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Rapidly progressing blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm causing diffuse skin thickening: A case report with sequential computed tomography examinations.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm is a rare aggressive myeloid malignancy thought to be derived from precursor plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Rapid progression and poor prognosis have been known. We herein present a case of BPDCN in a previously healthy man who presented with suddenly developed multiple deep purple skin rashes, with sequential computed tomography examinations.

CT, MRI, and FDG-PET imaging findings of low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma arising from the mesentery: A case report.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare uterine mesenchymal neoplasm, and extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma is even rarer, with a limited number of case reports. In the present report, we present a case of low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma originating from the mesentery in a 49-year-old woman, without endometrial stromal sarcoma in the uterus or evidence of endometriosis. The tumor was diagnosed using recombination of the gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization.