A Three-Year Follow-Up of a Patient With Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome Who Underwent Bilateral Endolymphatic Duct Blockage Surgery.

Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) is a congenital malformation characterized by an abnormally large vestibular aqueduct, diagnosed primarily via CT scans. Patients with LVAS often experience progressive hearing loss and recurrent vertigo, with treatment strategies mirroring those for Meniere's disease. Traditional surgical interventions such as endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) are common; however, the efficacy of endolymphatic duct blockage (EDB) as an alternative still remains under investigation.

A Case of Bilateral Idiopathic Temporal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage With Multiple Fistulas in the Middle and Posterior Cranial Fossae Closed Using the Transmastoid Approach.

Although idiopathic temporal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a relatively rare condition, its incidence has been increasing in the United States in recent years. Fistulas commonly occur in the middle cranial fossa (MCF), and the MCF approach is recommended for multiple or large fistulas. Here, we present a case of bilateral temporal CSF leaks and multiple fistulas.

'Precursory symptoms, awareness or progression of facial palsy' are more useful than 'forehead wrinkling ability' in differentiating central facial palsy examined in the emergency department.

Background: Forehead wrinkling ability has been considered to be the sign of the central facial palsy (CFP).

Aims/objectives: To identify characteristics of peripheral FP (PFP) patients in the emergency room (ER), differentiate PFP from central FP (CFP), and assess the utility of forehead wrinkling for this purpose.

Materials And Methods: ER patients with FP were clinically split into PFP (72 patients) and CFP (161 patients) groups.

Bilateral Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Otitis Media: A Case Report.

Established treatment strategies for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are currently lacking, and whether surgical treatment should be applied in combination with antibiotic therapy remains debatable. Here, we report a case of bilateral otitis media caused by Mycobacterium abscessusa, a highly antibiotic-resistant bacterium. Many reported cases of NTM otitis media are unilateral, in which hearing of the contralateral ear is preserved.

Indications of Effective Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Combined With Steroid Therapy for Sudden Hearing Loss.

Objective: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) combined with steroid therapy to treat sudden hearing loss and examined the index associated with excellent therapeutic effect.

Methods: We included 109 patients with sudden hearing loss. Patients were divided into the HBOT combination group (59 sides) treated with HBOT and steroid therapy and HBOT noncombination group (50 sides) involving steroid therapy only.

Preoperative prediction of sinonasal papilloma by artificial intelligence using nasal video endoscopy: a retrospective study.

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is at risk of recurrence and malignancy, and early diagnosis using nasal endoscopy is essential. We thus developed a diagnostic system using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify nasal sinus papilloma. Endoscopic surgery videos of 53 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were edited to train and evaluate deep neural network models and then a diagnostic system was developed.

Morphological relationships between external auditory canal and vital structures of tympanic cavity.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the morphology of the external auditory canal (EAC) using a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bone to corroborate and predict important anatomical structures involved in middle ear surgery based on the EAC morphology.

Methods: Temporal bone CT from 62 patients (120 ears) was used to perform 3D reconstruction (maximum intensity projection), of which 32 patients (60 ears) had chronic otitis media and 30 patients (60 ears) had normal temporal bones. The anatomical morphology of the EAC, tympanic sinus, vertical portion of the facial nerve, and jugular bulb were measured, and the anatomical relationship between the EAC morphology and important structures of the middle ear was analyzed.

High CD4 T-Cell/B-Cell Ratio in the Paranasal Sinus Mucosa of Patients with Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

 Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is commonly classified based on the presence or absence of nasal polyps (NPs). Eosinophil infiltration is observed in NPs of patients in Western countries. In contrast, in East Asian countries, including Japan, CRS with NPs (CRSwNP) is subdivided based on the presence (eosinophilic CRS [ECRS]) or absence (non-eosinophilic CRS [NECRS]) of eosinophils in NPs.

Anatomical Features Around Eustachian Tube in Eosinophilic Otitis Media With Eosinophilic Sinusitis.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study investigated the relationships between anatomical findings around the eustachian tube (ET) and eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) accompanied by eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS).

Study Design: This study employed axial, coronal, sagittal and oblique computed tomography.

Methods: Patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital and were diagnosed with ECRS (106 patients) based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis study were included.

Anatomical Factors that Can Predict the Structure of Lamina Papyracea for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objectives: This study investigated morphological variations of lamina papyracea, the structure that should be carefully considered when opening posterior ethmoid sinus during endoscopic sinus surgery, to avoid injury.

Study Design: This study employed axial, coronal, and sagittal computed tomography.

Methods: Using computed tomography images of 228 face-sides, various anatomical parameters were determined: distances of the anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries from the skull base, and from the third lamella; changes in the angles of the lamina papyracea at the anterior and posterior ethmoid sinuses; and presence or absence of supraorbital ethmoid cell (SECs), Onodi cell, and Haller cell.

Anatomical variation of the pneumatized superior turbinate and its impact on endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: The posterior ethmoid sinus is adjacent to important structures, such as the orbit, optic nerve, skull base, and ostium of the sphenoid sinus. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pneumatization of the superior turbinate (ST) and its basal lamella, and of the position of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus, on opening of the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses.

Methods: On axial, coronal, and sagittal computed tomography images, 394 sinuses of 197 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at Toho University Omori Medical Center in Tokyo, Japan, were classified according to the presence or absence of pneumatization of the ST and its basal lamella.

IgG4-related disease with pseudotumor formation in the larynx.

Mikulicz's disease, an immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) occurs frequently in the head and neck region but rarely in the larynx. We report a case of IgG4-RD with pseudotumor formation in the larynx. A 50-year-old man presented at our facility for a complete physical examination and diagnostic testing of a left arytenoid tumor.

Resection of a Superior Mediastinal Mature Teratoma Using Intraoperative Neural Monitoring.

A 33-year-old woman presented with a right cervical mass. Contrast computed tomography showed a multilocular tumor with a clear border and heterogeneous contents including fat and calcification. The tumor was located adjacent to the vagus and recurrent nerves.