A patient with macrodystrophia lipomatosa bilaterally affecting the entire upper extremity: reporting of a rare case and literature review.

The patient, a 58-year-old Asian female, had the progressive, bilateral overgrowth of the entire upper extremity since her childhood and has undergone debulking surgery twice in her country. However, overgrowth progressed after surgery. The patient was diagnosed with Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) by physical and imaging findings in our departments.

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) signaling enhances angiogenesis in a surgical sponge model.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A binds to both VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2, thereby promoting angiogenesis. It is widely accepted that VEGF-A, especially VEGFR-2, is a central player in angiogenesis, however the role of VEGFR-1 in angiogenesis remains unclear. The present study was conducted to examine the role of VEGFR-1 signaling in angiogenesis, using a quantitative in vivo angiogenesis model.

Role of COX-2 in lymphangiogenesis and restoration of lymphatic flow in secondary lymphedema.

The pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema remains poorly understood. To clarify the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in enhancement of lymphangiogenesis during secondary lymphedema, we tested a mouse tail model and evaluated the recurrence of lymph flow. To induce lymphedema, a circumferential incision was made in the tail of anesthetized mice to sever the dermal lymphatic vessels.