Delirium risk of histamine-2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors: A study based on the adverse drug event reporting database in Japan.

Objective: Although histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) have been shown to be more likely to cause delirium than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), these results were not adjusted for potential confounding factors. Accordingly, we investigated whether H2RAs and PPIs are risk factors for delirium, even when adjusting for other risk factors by analyzing adverse drug event reports compiled in the post-marketing stages of drugs provided by the Japanese regulatory authorities.

Method: We analyzed 577,431 reports in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database from April 2004 to July 2020.

ATP generation in a host cell in early-phase infection is increased by upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity via the p2 peptide from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) must take advantage of its own proteins with two or more functions to successfully replicate. Although many attempts have been made to determine the function of viral proteins encoded in the HIV-1 genome, the role of the p2 peptide, a spacer between the capsid and the nucleocapsid in HIV-1 Gag in early-phase HIV infection still remains unclarified.

Results: In this study, we show that the p2 peptide enhances HIV-1 acute infection by increasing intracellular ATP production via the activation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MT-CO) involved in the respiratory chain.

[Efficacy of aprepitant for quality of life of outpatients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy].

We examined the antiemetic effect and impact of aprepitant on the quality of life (QOL) of outpatients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). Data were compared between patients who received aprepitant (aprepitant group, n=30, treated May to September 2010) and those who did not (control group, n=14, treated February to April 2010). Controls received antiemetic treatment with a serotonin receptor antagonist and dexamethasone on Day 1.