Comparison of β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid signaling on clock gene and osteoblast-related gene expressions in human osteoblast.

Most living organisms exhibit circadian rhythms that are generated by endogenous circadian clocks, the master one being present in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Output signals from the SCN are believed to transmit standard circadian time to peripheral tissue through sympathetic nervous system and humoral routes. Therefore, the authors examined the expression of clock genes following treatment with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoprenaline, or the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, in cultured human osteoblast SaM-1 cells.