A Unique and Effective Bypass Technique to Treat Partially Thrombosed Giant Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms in Extremely Narrow Surgical Corridors.

Background: Surgical treatment of large or giant thrombosed anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms often involves revascularization. Herein, we describe a unique and effective bypass technique to treat partially thrombosed giant distal ACA aneurysms in extremely narrow surgical corridors.

Methods: A 68-year-old man underwent aneurysm trapping and ACA revascularization for a partially thrombosed giant ACA aneurysm in a surgical corridor that was narrow due to anatomic factors.

Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Microflora in Dental and Atherosclerotic Plaques of Patients With Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Background: Internal carotid artery stenosis is primarily attributed to atherosclerosis in the carotid artery bifurcation. Previous studies have detected oral bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting an association between oral bacteria and atherosclerosis. In this study, we compared the bacterial flora of the atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery and dental plaque of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) metagenomic sequencing.

Surgical treatment for extremely rare solitary fibrous tumors of the central nervous system originating from cranial nerve VIII: new clinicopathological findings. Illustrative case.

Background: Reports of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system (CNS) originating from cranial nerves are extremely rare. The origins of these neurogenic SFTs of the CNS have been determined only by intraoperative findings, and there is no pathological evidence of whether they really originated from cranial nerves.

Observations: A 54-year-old female with hearing loss and facial paralysis presented with a giant right cerebellopontine angle tumor.

Immobilization of E. coli expressing γ-glutamyltranspeptidase on its surface for γ-glutamyl compound production.

An Escherichia coli strain expressing γ-glutamyltranspeptidase on its extracellular surface using the Met1 to Arg232 fragment of YiaT of E. coli as an anchor protein was immobilized with alginate for repeated use. Measurement of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity of the immobilized cells was performed repeatedly at pH 8.

Single-Center Case Series of Simple Proximal Clipping for Large Thrombosed Vertebral Artery Aneurysms: Preservation of Perforating Arteries and Long-Term Outcomes.

Background: Surgical proximal parent artery occlusion (PAO) is one of the treatments for partially thrombosed vertebral artery aneurysms (PTVAs). However, whether long-term changes in size and perforating arteries through the blind end can be truly preserved remain unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical proximal PAO for PTVAs, focusing on the transition in size and preservation of perforating arteries.

Surgical treatment of hemifacial spasm caused by fusiform vertebral artery aneurysm: case report and literature review.

Background: Root exit zone (REZ) compression by a fusiform vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm is a rare cause of hemifacial spasm (HFS). We report a case of successful microvascular decompression (MVD) for the treatment of HFS caused by a fusiform VA aneurysm. We also review the relevant literature and demonstrate the effectiveness of surgical treatment.

Development of Enzymatic Synthesis of γ-Glutamylcarnosine and Its Effects on Taste.

γ-Glutamyl peptides have amide bonds between the γ-carboxy group of glutamic acid and the amino group of amino acids or peptides. Some of these γ-glutamyl peptides are known as kokumi substances. Kokumi substances enhance the taste, mouthfulness, thickness, and continuity of the dish.

The algorithm for diagnosis and management of intracranial hypotension with coma: Report of two cases.

Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is caused by spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks that can be treated in most cases with an epidural blood patch (EBP). However, some patients, who develop severe brain sagging, can neurologically deteriorate, and in occasional instances, which become comatose. Here, with the presentation of two cases, and a review of the literature, we have set guidelines for diagnosing SIH along with recommendations for its management.

An Experimental Clamping and Cutting Study of Carotid and Intracranial Stents: Preparation for Surgical Rescue in Stent Complications.

Objective: To carry out surgery safely in vessels with stents, it is essential to have knowledge of what would happen if the stents were clamped or cut. Using all stents that are permitted in Japan, we recorded with a surgical microscope the behavior of stents when they were clamped or cut and discussed the morphologic changes along with image findings.

Methods: We classified carotid artery and intracranial stents as group 1A and 1B or group 2A and 2B according to the structure of stent eye: laser cut or blade.

Chondroma in the hypoglossal canal: A case report.

Background: Intracranial chondromas are rare tumors arising from the skull base. They are usually accompanied by functional impairments of some cranial nerves. However, hypoglossal nerve dysfunction is rare.

High performance demodulation method with less complexity for image-sensor communication.

This study presents a novel method for signal demodulation for use with visible light communication systems composed of an image sensor as a receiver and light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters. Demodulation is a central challenge in the design of such a system, as the image captured at the image-sensor receiver is deteriorated by distance and noise. We propose a demodulation method that offers performance approaching that of the maximum-likelihood decoding (MLD) method and with significantly less complexity.

Distance Between the Falciform Ligament and Distal Dural Ring as a Surgical Landmark for the Treatment of Paraclinoid Aneurysms.

Objective: It is difficult to completely comprehend the anatomy of the structures surrounding the paraclinoid region before aneurysm and tumor treatment therein. When treating paraclinoid aneurysms, it is important to determine the location of the aneurysm as intradural or extradural. Thus, accurate prediction of the position of the distal dural ring (DDR) is necessary.

Is surgical parent artery occlusion effective for intracranial aneurysms measuring over 10 mm in size? Result from long-term follow-up of size changes and outcomes.

Background: There have been no long-term follow-up reports pertaining to chronological size changes in large or giant unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with surgical parent artery occlusion (PAO). The object of this study is to investigate the utility and safety of surgical PAO by conducting a long-term follow-up of chronological aneurysm size changes and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective study of 21 unruptured intracranial aneurysms measuring over 10 mm (20 patients) treated with surgical PAO in the period 2012-2017 was conducted.

Surgical Rescue Retrieval of a Filter Protection Device in Carotid Artery Stenting with Stent Deformation: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Despite the development of neuroendovascular treatment, device-related complications requiring surgical procedures remain. We report a case requiring surgical retrieval of a filter protection device in carotid artery stenting (CAS) with an open-cell stent, due to stent deformation, and review past reports on CAS in which surgical retrieval of devices was required.

Case Description: An 82-year-old man underwent CAS for symptomatic right internal carotid artery stenosis with severe calcification and tortuosity.

Preoperative Embolization of Meningiomas: Differences in Surgical Operability and Histopathologic Changes Between Embosphere and N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether there is a difference in the difficulty of extirpation after use of Embosphere versus n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for the embolization of meningiomas.

Methods: Study subjects were 20 patients with meningioma who underwent embolization using either NBCA or Embosphere from April 2012 to December 2016. The difficulty of extirpation was compared and assessed in terms of objective indices, such as operative duration, perioperative bleeding, and Simpson grade, and in terms of subjective indices such as "impression on operative field" and "hardness of tumors" that the surgeon assessed using 3-point scales (dry, moderate, bloody, and soft, moderate, hard, respectively).

Bypass Surgeries in the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms.

Background: During surgery for cerebral aneurysm, revascularization techniques are occasionally needed to (1) treat an aneurysm (trapping or flow alteration); (2) preserve blood flow during temporary parent artery occlusion (insurance); and (3) repair accidentally injured vessels (troubleshooting). Herein we present our surgical case experiences.

Methods: Revascularization modalities were employed in 33 (7.