Analysis of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data of human skin treated with diclofenac using sparse autoencoder.

Methods that facilitate molecular identification and imaging are required to evaluate drug penetration into tissues. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), which has high spatial resolution and allows 3D distribution imaging of organic materials, is suitable for this purpose. However, the complexity of ToF-SIMS data, which includes nonlinear factors, makes interpretation challenging.

Raman spectroscopic investigation of phase changes and reactivity of 1-pentadecene under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.

The phase changes and reactivity of 1-pentadecene (CH) were investigated using Raman spectroscopy under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using diamond anvil cells. At room temperature, the phase changes from liquid phase to solid phase I, and solid phase I to solid phase II were observed at 0.3 GPa and 4.

Evaluation of an integrated variable flip angle protocol to estimate coil B for hyperpolarized MRI.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to validate a simple and versatile integrated variable flip angle (VFA) method for mapping B in hyperpolarized MRI, which can be used to correct signal variations due to coil inhomogeneity.

Theory And Methods: Simulations were run to assess performance of the VFA B mapping method compared to the currently used constant flip angle (CFA) approach. Simulation results were used to inform the design of VFA sequences, validated in four volunteers for hyperpolarized xenon-129 imaging of the lungs and another four volunteers for hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging of the human brain.

Enabling SENSE accelerated 2D CSI for hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging.

As hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (C) metabolic imaging is clinically translated, there is a need for easy-to-implement, fast, and robust imaging techniques. However, achieving high temporal resolution without decreasing spatial and/or spectral resolution, whilst maintaining the usability of the imaging sequence is challenging. Therefore, this study looked to accelerate HP C MRI by combining a well-established and robust sequence called two-dimensional Chemical Shift Imaging (2D CSI) with prospective under sampling and SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) reconstruction.

Hyperpolarized Carbon 13 MRI: Clinical Applications and Future Directions in Oncology.

Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI (C MRI) is a novel imaging approach that can noninvasively probe tissue metabolism in both normal and pathologic tissues. The process of hyperpolarization increases the signal acquired by several orders of magnitude, allowing injected C-labeled molecules and their downstream metabolites to be imaged in vivo, thus providing real-time information on kinetics. To date, the most important reaction studied with hyperpolarized C MRI is exchange of the hyperpolarized C signal from injected [1-C]pyruvate with the resident tissue lactate pool.

Antiproliferative Activities of Diterpenes from Leaves of Isodon trichocarpus against Cancer Stem Cells.

Two new diterpenes named trichoterpene I (1) and trichoterpene II (2) were isolated from the extract from the leaves of Isodon trichocarpus together with 19 known diterpenes. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical properties. Among them, oridonin (3), effusanin A (4), and lasiokaurin (9) with the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety showed antiproliferative activities against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human astrocytoma U-251 MG cells [i.

Assessing the effect of anesthetic gas mixtures on hyperpolarized C pyruvate metabolism in the rat brain.

Purpose: To determine the effect of altering anesthetic oxygen protocols on measurements of cerebral perfusion and metabolism in the rodent brain.

Methods: Seven rats were anesthetized and underwent serial MRI scans with hyperpolarized [1- C]pyruvate and perfusion weighted imaging. The anesthetic carrier gas protocol used varied from 100:0% to 90:10% to 60:40% O :N O.

Polymerization Mechanism of Nitrogen-Containing Heteroaromatic Compound Under High-Pressure and High-Temperature Conditions.

Hydrogenated carbon nitride is synthesized by polymerization of 1,5-naphthyridine, a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compound, under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The polymerization progressed significantly at temperatures above 573 K at 0.5 GPa and above 623 K at 1.

Performance of a silicon-on-insulator direct electron detector in a low-voltage transmission electron microscope.

The performance of a direct electron detector using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology in a low-voltage transmission electron microscope (LVTEM) is evaluated. The modulation transfer function and detective quantum efficiency of the detector are measured under backside illumination. The SOI-type detector is demonstrated to have high sensitivity and high efficiency for the direct detection of low-energy electrons.

The effects of glucose and fatty acids on CXCL10 expression in skeletal muscle cells.

Skeletal muscles produce secretory factors termed as myokines, which alter physiological functions of target tissues. We recently identified C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) as a novel myokine, which is downregulated in response to exercise. In the present study, we investigated whether the nutritional changes affect CXCL10 expression in mouse skeletal muscle.

Effects of a Psychoeducation Program for People with Schizophrenia Aimed at Increasing Subjective Well-Being and the Factors Influencing Those Effects: a Preliminary Study.

There have been no intervention studies of psychoeducation programs for schizophrenia that focus on improving subjective well-being or studies to determine the factors influencing such effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of a psychoeducation program combining traditional psychoeducation with a focus on providing knowledge and information and a new intervention to raise patients' subjective well-being and to clarity the factors affecting the program's efficacy. Subjects were 117 patients who participated in a psychoeducation program for schizophrenia between 2012 and 2018.

Determination of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Utilizing a Glucose Oxidase Enzymatic Reaction.

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a cationic disinfectant widely used for personal-care products and for sanitizers in swimming pools. This paper describes a promotion effect of PHMB on a glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymatic reaction with ferricyanide ion and its analytical application. The promotion effect arose from a polyion complex formation between polycationic PHMB and polyanionic GOx.

Decomposition and oligomerization of 2,3-naphthyridine under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.

The chemical reaction of 2,3-naphthyridine, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, was investigated at pressures ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 GPa and temperatures from 473 to 573 K.

Behavior of intermolecular interactions in α-glycine under high pressure.

Pressure-response on the crystal structure of deuterated α-glycine was investigated at room temperature, using powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and powder neutron diffraction measurements under high pressure. No phase change was observed up to 8.7 GPa, although anisotropy of the lattice compressibility was found.

[Estimate of the Approximation Function of Spectral Hounsfield Unit Curves in Dual Energy CT Imaging].

The purpose of this study was to reveal the optimal function for regression of spectral Hounsfield Unit (HU) curves. The optimization procedure consists of the following steps: 1) obtaining dual energy CT (DECT) images of the RMI 467 phantom, 2) obtaining virtual monochromatic images from DECT images, 3) mapping each region of interest (ROI) to a phantom rod on virtual monochromatic images, 4) obtaining spectral HU curves for all rods, 5) regression of spectral HU curves using various functions, including linear, quadratic polynomial, cubic polynomial, quartic polynomial, quintic polynomial, sextic polynomial, septic polynomial, exponential, corrected exponential, bi-exponential, and logarithm, and 6) calculating the coefficients and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of the functions listed above. Results indicated that the quintic polynomial function is suitable for analyzing the regression of spectral HU curves.

Measurement of the Vector and Tensor Asymmetries at Large Missing Momentum in Quasielastic (e[over →],e^{'}p) Electron Scattering from Deuterium.

We report the measurement of the beam-vector and tensor asymmetries A_{ed}^{V} and A_{d}^{T} in quasielastic (e[over →],e^{'}p) electrodisintegration of the deuteron at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center up to missing momentum of 500  MeV/c. Data were collected simultaneously over a momentum transfer range 0.1 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Potent Effects of Flavonoid Nobiletin on Amplitude, Period, and Phase of the Circadian Clock Rhythm in PER2::LUCIFERASE Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts.

Flavonoids are natural polyphenols that are widely found in plants. The effects of flavonoids on obesity and numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's have been well studied. However, little is known about the relationships between flavonoids and the circadian clock.

Betatrophin expression is promoted in obese hyperinsulinemic type 2 but not type 1 diabetic mice.

Regeneration of pancreatic β-cell mass benefits both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. A recent study identified betatrophin as a β-cell proliferation factor. However, the expressional regulation of betatrophin remains less defined.

Pressure-induced oligomerization of alanine at 25 °C.

Pressure-induced oligomerization was found from high-pressure experiments at 25 °C on alanine powder soaked in its saturated aqueous solution. The oligomerization to alanylalanine occurred at 5 GPa. The maximum yields of alanylalanine and trialanine were, respectively, 1.

Crystal structure of magnesium dichloride decahydrate determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction under high pressure.

Magnesium dichloride decahydrate (MgCl2·10H2O) and its deuterated counterpart (MgCl2·10D2O) are identified for the first time by in-situ powder synchrotron X-ray and spallation neutron diffraction. These substances are crystallized from a previously unidentified nanocrystalline compound, which originates from an amorphous state at low temperature. A combination of a recently developed autoindexing procedure and the charge-flipping method reveals that the crystal structure of MgCl2·10H2O consists of an ABCABC··· sequence of Mg(H2O)6 octahedra.

Paraventricular NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is directly targeted by leptin and mediates its anorexigenic effect.

An adipokine leptin plays a central role in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis via acting on the hypothalamus. However, its downstream neuronal mechanism is not thoroughly understood. The neurons expressing nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2)-derived nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in feeding and energy homeostasis.

Increase in peroxisome number and the gene expression of putative glyoxysomal enzymes in Chlamydomonas cells supplemented with acetate.

We cultured Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells in a minimal culture medium supplemented with various concentrations of acetate, fatty acids, ethanol, fatty alcohols, or sucrose. The presence of acetate (0.5 or 1.