Trastuzumab deruxtecan for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-low advanced or metastatic breast cancer: recommendations from the Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines.

The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines are published as timely guidance on clinical issues in breast cancer treatment in Japan. In the recent edition of these guidelines, we addressed a new clinical question 34 (CQ 34, systemic treatment part) "Is trastuzumab deruxtecan recommended for patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer?" and a new future research question 7 (FRQ 7, pathological diagnosis part) "How is HER2-low breast cancer diagnosed for the indication of trastuzumab deruxtecan?". These questions address use of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-low breast cancer who have previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease.

Brain metastasis in a patient with BRCA2-mutated treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma and long-term response to radiotherapy and Olaparib: A case report and literature review.

Background: A new subtype of prostate cancer called treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma (t-NEPC) was added to the revised World Health Organization classification of prostate cancer in 2022. t-NEPC cases are increasing, and there is no established standard treatment.

Methods: A 49-year-old male patient was referred to our department for dysuria.

Correlation between pathology and quantitative ultrasonographic evaluation of pancreatic fat with ultrasonographic classification.

Purpose: No studies of the relationship between grayscale sonographic findings and pancreatic fat content have been reported to date. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between echogenicity and fat content of resected specimens using quantitative analysis.

Methods: Forty-two consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumors were enrolled in this study.

A comparison of diagnostic utility of new endoscopic scraper combined cell block method and conventional brush catheter for biliary tract cancer.

Background/aims: The sensitivities of endoscopic -papillary pathologic diagnosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC) are unsatisfactory. Recently, the diagnostic utility of the endoscopic scraper device, Trefle for biliary stricture has been reported. The Trefle can be guided to the target biliary stricture over the guidewire and is as easy to use as the conventional brush catheter (CBC).

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome-associated lung cysts: A new insight into the pathogenesis?

Multiple lung cysts are one of the major features of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD), but little is known about their nature and pathogenesis. We report a case of a woman diagnosed with BHD lung cysts who exhibited pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG), a mesenchymal abnormality hitherto undescribed in this disease, in specimens resected at 14 and 29 years of age. Histopathologically, oval to spindle clear cells were seen in the subepithelial interstitial tissue of septal structures and the walls of the cysts.

Sudden death of a child associated with invasive non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae infection with underlying IgG subclass deficiency.

Haemophilus influenzae can be divided into typeable and non-typeable strains. Although non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is less likely to be a fatal bacterium, invasive NTHi infection has been reported to increase worldwide. This study presents a case of sudden death of a child with invasive NTHi infection and underlying immunoglobulin G2 (IgG) deficiency.

A neuroendocrine tumor within an anterior mediastinal mature teratoma: a case report.

Background: Mature teratomas are benign germ cell tumors. On rare occasions, they have been associated with somatic malignancies and are termed rare germ cell tumors with a somatic-type malignancy (GCTSM). Mature teratomas commonly comprise adenocarcinomas; only seven previous cases of mature teratomas with neuroendocrine tumors have been reported to date.

Clinical impact of central nervous system-directed therapies on intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: A single institution's experience.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of B-cell lymphoma characterized by aggressive disease progression with a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. We retrospectively analyzed 16 patients with de novo IVLBCL treated at our hospital between 2004 and 2018 with either standard therapy plus CNS-directed therapy or standard therapy alone. CNS-directed therapy was associated with a significantly better 2-year CNS-free survival (100% vs.

Bladder mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma progressed from chronic cystitis along with a comparative genetic analysis during long-term follow-up: a case report.

The pathogenesis of bladder marginal zone/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which is the most common type of primary bladder lymphoma, has not been clarified. There are no reports that described histological and molecular time course of MALT lymphoma occurring in the bladder and the importance of the score on the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) patient symptom scale during and after radiation therapy (RT). We present a case of MALT lymphoma with long-term comparative genetic analysis.

Rosai-Dorfman disease of thymus with elevated serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody: a case report.

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare disorder of histiocytic proliferation in lymph nodes and at extranodal sites. We herein describe a patient with isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease in the thymus with elevated anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. We examined the relationship between Rosai-Dorfman disease and elevated anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody.