Bcl‑xL‑specific BH3 mimetic A‑1331852 suppresses proliferation of fluorouracil‑resistant colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.

BH3 mimetics are small‑molecule inhibitors of the antiapoptotic Bcl‑2 family and have therapeutic efficacy against hematological malignancies. BH3 mimetic A‑1331852 suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Progressive resistance to the widely used anticancer agent fluorouracil (5‑FU) is a key reason for colorectal cancer recurrence; therefore, the present study tested if A‑1331852 can suppress the proliferation of 5‑FU‑resistant colorectal cancer cells.

Robotic distal gastrectomy plus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: optimal resection for simultaneous gastric cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreatic body.

Background: Organ-preserving surgery has recently gained increasing attention. However, performing the surgery for duplicated gastric and distal pancreatic tumors is difficult because of procedural complexity and concerns of remnant gastric necrosis. We present the first case of simultaneous robotic distal gastrectomy plus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in a patient with overlapping gastric cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Suctionable Gauze Ball Operated by the Console Surgeon Overcomes Wet Scenes during Robotic Rectal Surgery.

Although robotic rectal resections are now widely performed, there are few robotic suction tools that can be easily used by console surgeons. It can therefore be difficult to maintain a clear visual field in the pelvis when there is effusion and bleeding from either a highly advanced cancer or from preoperative cancer treatment. In this report, we introduce our unique surgical technique that uses a soft catheter with a small gauze ball attached, inserted through the assistant port.

[A Case of Transverse Colon Cancer with Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis Prevented from Anastomotic Leakage by Multidimensional Approach].

The patient was a 68-year-old woman who was on hemodialysis due to systemic amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome. Biopsy revealed amyloid deposition in the stomach, duodenum, and colon. A transverse colon tumor was found on a follow- up CT after the aortic dissection surgery.

Laparoscopic pancreas-preserving duodenectomy: Minimally invasive surgery for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

No consensus exists regarding the optimal treatment for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. Herein, we describe a laparoscopic pancreas-preserving duodenectomy for the treatment of a 30-mm adenoma located in the third portion of the duodenum. The adenoma was located on the pancreatic side, further hindering safe endoscopic resection.

"Role-sharing surgery": a new surgical education system that gives beginner surgeons more chances to operate while ensuring the surgical quality of robotic surgery.

It has been pointed out that robotic surgery is more time-consuming than laparoscopic surgery, and a major challenge for the future is educating young surgeons while maintaining the surgical quality. To solve these problems, we report a role-sharing surgery (RSS) approach in which the surgery is divided into several areas and timetabled, with roles shared by several operators. We performed RSS for 19 standard colorectal cancer surgeries.

Spontaneous regression of advanced transverse colon cancer with deficient mismatch repair: a case report.

Background: Spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer occurs in 1 in 60,000-100,000 patients. This phenomenon has been reported in almost all cancer types, most commonly neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and lymphoma/leukemia. However, SR in colorectal cancer (CRC) is extremely rare, particularly in advanced cases.

AZD6738 promotes the tumor suppressive effects of trifluridine in colorectal cancer cells.

Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‑related (ATR) is a kinase that repairs DNA damage. Although inhibitors that selectively target ATR have been developed, their effectiveness in colorectal cancer has not been widely reported. The present study hypothesized that anticancer agents that effectively act in the S phase before the G/M checkpoint may be ideal agents for concomitant use with ATR inhibitors, which act at the G/M checkpoint.

Incomplete lymphatic sealing around the inferior mesenteric artery is a risk factor for chylous ascites in robotic rectal cancer surgery.

Introduction: Compared with laparoscopic surgery (LS), robotic surgery (RS) is considered to have acceptable outcomes in rectal cancer, but few reports have focused on chylous ascites in RS. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and etiology of chylous ascites after RS.

Methods: This retrospective study included 291 patients with rectal cancer who underwent RS (n = 165) or LS (n = 126) with high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).

Robot-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection with en bloc prostatectomy using the Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy technique.

Introduction: The best surgical technique for rectal cancer invading the prostate remains controversial. Rectal resection with en bloc prostatectomy using a standard retropubic approach is an option but has disadvantages. We report a new surgical procedure applying Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

The Interaction Between Cancer-associated Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells Enhances Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 in Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: The acquisition of resistance to apoptosis is one of the biggest problems in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis with a focus on interleukin (IL)-6 produced by the interaction between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).

Materials And Methods: DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines were treated with IL-6 and furthermore co-cultured with CAFs.

ATR inhibitor AZD6738 increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5‑fluorouracil by inhibiting repair of DNA damage.

The repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapy in cancer cells occurs mainly at two cell cycle checkpoints (G and G) and is a factor contributing to chemoresistance. Most colorectal cancers harbor mutations in p53, the main pathway involved in the G checkpoint, and thus, are particularly dependent on the G checkpoint for DNA repair. The present study examined the effect of AZD6738, a specific inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3‑related (ATR) involved in the G checkpoint, combined with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU), a central chemotherapeutic agent, on colorectal cancer cells.

[A Case of Rectal Cancer with Lymph Node Metastasis Diagnosed as Intramucosal Cancer].

The patient was a 62-year-old man in whom 0-Ⅱa plus Ⅱc lesions in Rs were identified during follow-up observation of multiple colorectal polyps that were found during colonoscopy performed for the examination of fecal occult blood. CT showed no lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis to other organs. Laparoscopic-assisted high anterior resection of the rectum was performed with a diagnosis of clinical stage Ⅰ.

Chitinase 3-like 1 secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes tumor angiogenesis via interleukin-8 secretion in colorectal cancer.

The cancer‑stromal interaction has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are the main components of stromal cells, have attracted attention as novel treatment targets. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a chitinase-like protein, which affects cell proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms through which cells secrete CHI3L1 and through which CHI3L1 mediates tumor progression in the cancer microenvironment are still unclear.

[Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Indicator in Patients Treated with Nivolumab for Gastric Cancer].

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors(nivolumab)have been recommended as third-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer(AGC)according to the Guidelines of Gastric Cancer(5th edition). Therefore, they have been used in daily clinical practice. On the other hand, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of cancer patients.