Publications by authors named "Shinkyo Yoon"
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced colitis is a significant adverse event associated with ICI therapy, known to be linked to increased cytotoxic T-cell activity.
Objectives: To compare T-cell subsets based on the endoscopic features of ICI-induced colitis and to compare these findings with those of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Purpose: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). Switch maintenance therapy after first-line (1L) treatment may delay disease progression. This study evaluated pemetrexed as switch maintenance therapy versus observation in aUC patients without disease progression after initial chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To spatially validate intratumoral subregions (tumor habitat) using physiologic MRI on pathology of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype whole-glioblastoma sample.
Methods: Data of 20 patients (168 slides) were obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project. On MRI, tumor habitats were defined using voxel-wise clustering of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps for contrast-enhancing lesion (CEL) and non-enhancing lesion (NEL).
Article Synopsis
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become essential in cancer care for identifying genetic alterations that can inform treatment decisions.
- The application of NGS is expanding to include support in pathological diagnosis and understanding resistance mechanisms in cancer.
- Upcoming recommendations aim to provide guidance on using NGS in solid tumors, categorize actionable genes by cancer type, and include insights on important biomarkers for circulating tumor DNA testing.
Background: The identification of viable tumors and radiation necrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is crucial for patient management. Tumor habitat analysis involving the grouping of similar voxels can identify subregions that share common biology and enable the depiction of areas of tumor recurrence and treatment-induced change. This study aims to validate an imaging biomarker for tumor recurrence after SRS for brain metastasis by conducting tumor habitat analysis using multi-parametric MRI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDigital positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has shown enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution compared with analog PET/CT. The present study compared the diagnostic performance of digital and analog PET/CT with [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate cancer patients who experienced biochemical recurrence (BCR) after prostatectomy. Forty prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR, defined as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations exceeding 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial confirmed the effectiveness and safety of avelumab as a first-line maintenance treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) after platinum-based chemotherapy, with new real-world data from Korea.
- An open-label expanded access program involved 30 patients across five centers between September 2021 and June 2023, all progression-free after first-line treatment, receiving avelumab every two weeks.
- Results showed that 70% of participants experienced adverse events, with a median progression-free survival of 7.9 months, supporting the treatment's clinical activity and safety in this patient group.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of local ablative therapy (LAT) combined with pembrolizumab in patients with synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aiming to identify those who would most benefit from this treatment.
- Out of 258 patients studied, those who underwent LAT along with pembrolizumab experienced significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to those who received pembrolizumab alone.
- The research also developed a model to categorize patients into risk groups, finding that LAT specifically benefited low- and intermediate-risk patients, while having less impact on high-risk patients.
Article Synopsis
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been embraced by Korean institutions for cancer molecular diagnostics since 2017, but the use of molecularly guided treatments (MGT) has been limited due to strict regulations and lack of resources.
- The KOSMOS-II study seeks to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of MGT using a national precision medicine framework that incorporates remote molecular tumor board meetings for actionable genetic alterations in patients with metastatic solid tumors.
- This large-scale observational study aims to enroll 1,000 patients to gather high-quality real-world data and support collateral clinical trials and genomic databases, targeting an expected MGT implementation rate of around 50%.
Background: This Phase 1b/2 study assessed the efficacy in terms of objective response rate (ORR) of the FGFR1/2/3 kinase inhibitor derazantinib as monotherapy or in combination with atezolizumab in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) and FGFR1-3 genetic aberrations (FGFR1-3GA).
Methods: This multicenter, open-label study comprised 5 substudies. In Substudies 1 and 5, patients with mUC with FGFR1-3GA received derazantinib monotherapy (300 mg QD in Substudy 1, 200 mg BID in Substudy 5).
Article Synopsis
- * The model achieved a 0.763 area under the curve score, with the high-risk group showing significantly shorter recurrence-free survival and distinct histopathological features like poorly differentiated components and pleural invasion (all p < 0.001).
- * Additionally, the high-risk group had a higher frequency of genetic mutations, including TP53, demonstrating the model's potential in predicting recurrence risk and identifying mutations based on histopathological analysis.
Article Synopsis
- This review summarizes current treatments and research developments for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), specifically in advanced stages of the disease.! -
- Recent studies have identified genetic targets for therapy and are exploring new treatment methods, including inhibitors and combination therapies, though ACC remains difficult to treat.! -
- The frontline therapy is EDP-M, but there is ongoing research into effective second-line therapies, with a focus on targeted and immunotherapy combinations to improve outcomes for patients with ACC.!
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in South Korea.
JAMA Netw Open
February 2024
Article Synopsis
- The EXPLORE-LC initiative addresses the lack of comprehensive data on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by creating a common framework for research across various high-quality sources, aiming to enhance understanding of NSCLC and identify unmet needs in specific patient subgroups.
- A multicenter cohort study in South Korea evaluated clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival of 22,101 NSCLC patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2019, using standardized data collection methods.
- Results showed that the majority of patients had nonsquamous NSCLC (78.5%), with significant insights into treatment outcomes and characteristics, highlighting demographic factors such as age and gender distribution in different NSCLC types.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on the increasing significance of exon 20 insertion mutations (E20ins) in EGFR and HER2 within non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, highlighting the growing number of targeted therapies available for these mutations.
- - Between December 2013 and July 2021, researchers identified E20ins in 107 patients, with a notable discordance rate of 53.1% between identification methods (PCR and NGS) for EGFR mutations, indicating the importance of using advanced testing methods like NGS for accurate detection.
- - The results showed that targeted therapies for E20ins significantly outperformed traditional platinum-based treatments, achieving better objective response rates and progression-free survival, underscoring
Article Synopsis
- Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) affect about 15%-17% of patients, with limited treatment options primarily from small trials; the effect of germline mutation on treatment outcomes is unclear.
- A retrospective study analyzed 33 patients treated for metastatic PPGLs from 2004 to 2021, revealing a median age of 49 and a 39.1% mutation rate among those tested, mostly involving the SDHB mutation.
- Results showed that the CVD chemotherapy had a 22% objective response rate and 67% disease control rate, while sunitinib had a 33% response rate; patients with specific mutations experienced better overall survival with CVD treatment
Article Synopsis
- This study investigated the effects of adding durvalumab, an immunotherapy drug, to treatment in patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) who had already received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
- Results showed that patients receiving durvalumab after CCRT had significantly improved progression-free survival (20.9 months vs. 13.7 months) and better local control rates (57.3% vs. 38.8%) than those who only received CCRT.
- The findings indicate that durvalumab is beneficial in extending survival and controlling disease in LA-NSCLC patients, particularly for those expressing the PD-L1 biomarker, thus supporting its inclusion in standard
Article Synopsis
- Small cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract (GU SCC) is a rare and aggressive disease, with limited treatment options and poor overall survival rates.
- A study analyzed 77 patients, finding that those with extensive disease had a median overall survival of 9.7 months, while those with localized disease had a 24-month overall survival rate of 63.6%.
- The research also highlighted that a higher presence of specific immune cells in non-prostate SCC patients significantly correlated with worse survival outcomes, suggesting new avenues for treatment.
Article Synopsis
- - Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly important in cancer care, primarily to identify genetic changes that can influence treatment choices.
- - The role of NGS has evolved to also support diagnosis and research on cancer resistance mechanisms, highlighting the need for expert guidelines on its use in solid tumors.
- - Upcoming recommendations will offer practical advice on NGS applications and classify actionable genes by cancer type, while including expert insights on key biomarkers for circulating tumor DNA testing.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates sex differences in adverse events (AEs) from chemotherapy, focusing on how these differences affect healthcare use and treatment outcomes in female patients.
- Results show that women experienced more frequent and severe AEs like nausea and neutropenia, leading to lower chemotherapy dose intensity and more dose reductions than men.
- The findings highlight the need for physicians to consider gender-specific responses to chemotherapy when making treatment decisions.
Article Synopsis
- This study explores MRI-based endpoints for evaluating brain metastasis (BM) patients receiving immunotherapy, as traditional response criteria may not be effective.
- It involved 63 non-small cell lung cancer patients and assessed different measurement methods (mRECIST, RANO-BM, and iRANO-BM) to determine tumor response, overall response rate (ORR), and progression-free survival (PFS).
- The findings suggest that volumetry is a strong predictor of overall survival (OS), outperforming some traditional diameter-based metrics, highlighting the importance of accurate measurement techniques in clinical trials.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated a deep learning system (DLS) designed to detect and quantify brain metastases (BMs) to suggest possible treatment options for patients.
- Researchers tested the DLS on 112 newly diagnosed patients, categorizing them into three treatment groups based on the number and volume of detected BMs: limited, moderate, or extensive.
- Results showed a high concordance rate (76.8% accuracy) between DLS suggestions and actual clinical decisions, indicating that the DLS could significantly aid in making timely treatment decisions for patients with BMs.
Article Synopsis
- * A study involving 174 lung adenocarcinoma cases revealed that mutations in the CTNNB1 gene are linked to poorer recurrence-free survival, particularly in patients with EGFR mutations.
- * The research categorized patients into three groups based on their Wnt/β-catenin gene status and found that those with CTNNB1 mutations had worse recurrence outcomes, although there were no significant differences in overall survival rates among the groups.
Article Synopsis
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from checkpoint inhibitors are influenced by various risk factors, which were analyzed using genetic and clinical data from 672 cancer patients.
- The study found that irAE samples had lower neutrophil levels and that genetic variations in HLA-B were linked to increased irAE risk.
- A significant discovery was a mutation in the TMEM162 gene, associated with changes in B cell activity and regulatory T cell suppression, and machine learning models were developed to predict irAEs.
Article Synopsis
- A study explored whether patients with oligometastasis (OM) receiving local therapy (LT) during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experience better survival outcomes.
- The research reviewed data from patients treated at Asan Medical Center from 2011 to 2020, categorizing OM using four different criteria and comparing survival rates between those with and without OM.
- Results indicated that patients who met all four criteria had significantly longer survival, particularly when the number of metastatic organs was low, highlighting the importance of correctly identifying and treating OM in NSCLC patients.