Transcanthal Canthopexy for Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion Corrects Horizontal Laxity.

In this prospective observational study, we aimed to examine improvements in horizontal laxity after lower eyelid retractor advancement and transcanthal canthopexy for involutional lower eyelid entropion. The study included 19 sides in 15 patients with involutional entropion who underwent transcanthal canthopexy with the advancement of the lower eyelid retractor. Using the pinch test, the distance from the lowest part of the corneal limbus to the eyelid margin was measured using callipers.

Pressure Onto the Orbital Walls and Orbital Morphology in Orbital Floor or Medial Wall Fracture: A 3-Dimensional Printer Study.

The purposes of this study were to compare the pressure onto the orbital floor and medial orbital wall between 3-dimensional printer skull models with unilateral orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures and to compare the morphology of the orbital floor and medial orbital wall between patients with unilateral orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures. The skull models were created based on computed tomographic (CT) data obtained from every 10 patients with unilateral orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures. The orbital spaces of these models were filled with silicone, the silicone surface was pushed down, and pressures onto the orbital floor and the medial orbital wall were measured.

Mechanisms of Development of Orbital Fractures: A Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the mechanisms in the development of orbital fractures.

Methods: This is a comprehensive literature review that summarizes the mechanisms of developing orbital fractures.

Results: There are 3 proposed mechanisms in the development of orbital fractures, which include the buckling, hydraulic, and globe-to-wall contact mechanisms.

Changes in Lacrimal Punctum Position and Tear Meniscus Height after Correction of Horizontal Laxity in Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion.

Purpose: To examine changes in the position of the lower eyelid punctum and tear meniscus height (TMH) after correction of horizontal laxity of the lower eyelid in involutional lower eyelid entropion.

Methods: This prospective, observational study included 42 sides of 36 patients with involutional entropion who underwent a lateral tarsal strip procedure or transcanthal canthopexy (+ lower eyelid retractor advancement). The horizontal distance from the medial margin of the lower lacrimal punctum to the medial canthus was measured using ImageJ software.

Severe corneal involvement secondary to congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon.

Purpose: The study aims to examine an incidence and risk factors of severe corneal involvement in patients with congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 509 patients (933 eyes) with congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon. Data on age, sex, affected side, past history, past surgery, presence or absence of concomitant periocular/ocular diseases, body height and weight, astigmatic power, and corneal involvement were collected.

The relationship between orbital floor fracture patterns around the infraorbital groove and development of infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia: a computed tomographic study.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between patterns of orbital floor fracture around the infraorbital groove and development of infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 200 patients (200 sides) of pure orbital floor fracture with or without medial orbital wall fracture. Data on the presence or absence of infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia were collected from medical records.

Positional relationship between lacrimal sac and skull base: implication of risk of cerebrospinal fluid leakage during dacryocystorhinostomy.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a rare but severe complication during dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Understanding the details of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and skull base is essential to avoid this complication. We examined the positional relationship between the lacrimal sac and skull base using 16 cadavers (22 sides) and using computed tomographic images taken in 81 patients (81 sides).

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis-Associated Acute Dacryoadenitis in an Adult.

A 39-year-old man presented with a five-day history of swelling of the right upper eyelid and ocular irritation in the right eye. On the first examination, the patient showed conjunctival injection, conjunctival chemosis, swollen upper eyelid, and palpable lacrimal gland with tenderness on the right side. Magnetic resonance images showed an inflamed right lacrimal gland.

Low-Concentration Brachial Plexus Block.

Purpose: We devised a low-concentration brachial plexus block (LCBB) that allows for intraoperative, active motion by blocking only sensory nerves. This study evaluated the efficacy of the LCBB.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients (14 men and 24 women; mean age, 60.

Orbital Abscess Developed Apart From Paranasal Sinusitis and Dacryocystitis in Fibrous Dysplasia.

A 48-year-old man visited the emergency department of our hospital with swelling of the left upper and lower eyelids from the day before. On the first examination, he had severe swelling of the left upper and lower eyelids, proptosis, and chemosis. Left intraocular pressure was 33 mmHg.

Optic Neuropathy Caused by a Perineural Sarcoid Lesion.

A 74-year-old woman had a six-month history of decreased vision in the left eye. On the first examination, her left best-corrected visual acuity was 0.02, and Goldmann visual field test revealed a central scotoma in the left eye.

Reliable and safe salivary duct repositioning technique with partial transection and intraductal stenting: Technical notes.

Salivary duct repositioning is often performed after excision of malignant tumors or removal of sialoliths to maintain salivary function and minimize the risk of swelling or pain due to the obstruction of the gland. However, there is risk of intraoperative tissue damage due to traumatic manipulation, leading to stenosis; in addition, the small diameter of the duct also renders this procedure difficult. Recently, we improved our method of salivary duct repositioning as follows.

Anatomical implication of less occurrence of inferior oblique muscle entrapment in orbital floor trapdoor fracture.

Purpose: To examine the anatomy of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle and its surrounding structures to clarify why IO muscle entrapment develops less in orbital floor trapdoor fractures.

Methods: Computed tomographic (CT) images on the unaffected sides were obtained from 64 patients with unilateral orbital fractures. On coronal planes, presence or absence of an infraorbital groove below the IO muscle was confirmed.

Direct Ultrasonic Aspiration for Orbito-Temporal Neurofibromas.

Ultrasonic surgical devices are powerful new tools that can debulk soft tissue tumors with little damage to surrounding blood vessels and nerve fibers. We used such a device to remove orbito-temporal neurofibromas, which are usually associated with a rich network of vessels and nerves. Three patients with masses in the upper and lower eyelids and the temporal area of the face were included in this study.

Extraocular muscle expansion after deep lateral orbital wall decompression: influence on proptosis reduction and its predictive factors.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between extraocular muscle expansion and proptosis reduction (Δproptosis) in patients with thyroid eye disease who underwent deep lateral orbital wall decompression and to analyze the factors that contribute to extraocular muscle expansion.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 133 sides from 77 patients with thyroid eye disease. The cross-sectional areas of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone (trigone), extraocular muscles, and superior ophthalmic vein were measured on computed tomographic images.

Conjunctival Epithelial Inclusion Cyst following Evisceration with Primary Orbital Implantation.

A 29-years-old Turkish man who had undergone evisceration with primary orbital implantation 20 months prior complained of difficulty wearing his artificial eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed a conjunctival cyst in the center of the anophthalmic socket, with no evidence of scleral or orbital implant exposure. The cyst was completely excised under general anesthesia and did not require use of any sclerosing substance or dye.

Entrapment of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles in orbital trapdoor fracture.

A 10-year-old male presented to our institution 6 days after sustaining trauma to his right eye from a fall. A thorough physical examination could not be done due to severe eye pain and inability to open the eyelids; however, computed tomographic imaging done at this time showed a trapdoor fracture with incarceration of the inferior oblique and inferior rectus muscles. The fracture was reduced through a transconjunctival incision and secured with a polytetrafluoroethylene implant.

Tear film break-up patterns in thyroid eye disease.

Evaluation of tear film break-up pattern (TFBUP) is the main diagnostic method for tear film-oriented therapy (TFOT) of dry eye. This prospective, observational study examined TFBUPs in 154 eyes/sides from 78 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) who met the diagnostic criteria for dry eye in Japan. TFBUPs were classified as area, line, spot, dimple, and random breaks.

Relationship Between Eyelid Pressure and Lacrimal Status in Mild Facial Nerve Palsy.

Purpose: Facial nerve palsy is frequently associated with both epiphora and dry eye, and orbicularis oculi muscle weakness or paralysis is the main cause of these symptoms. Eyelid pressure is a quantitatively measurable parameter for evaluating the tone and function of the orbicularis oculi muscle. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between eyelid pressure and lacrimal status in patients with mild facial nerve palsy.

Amyloidosis in the Palpebral Conjunctiva Mimicking Lymphoproliferative Lesion.

A 47-year-old Japanese woman presented with a 1-year history of foreign body sensation in the right eye. Upon examination, a linear soft tissue lesion in the lower conjunctival fornix was noted. The mass resembled a conjunctival lymphoproliferative lesion but was pinkish-yellow rather than salmon pink in color.

Modified Loop Myopexy (Yokoyama's Procedure) for High Myopic Strabismus Fixus.

In the classic loop myopexy (Yokoyama) procedure, muscle belly union in the deep orbit is technically difficult, particularly in patients with deep-set eyes and narrow palpebral fissures. Our modified procedure includes a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis and upper conjunctival fornix incisions to facilitate this step.

Disabling muscle of Riolan: A novel concept of orbicularis oculi myectomy for refractory benign essential blepharospasm.

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of orbicularis oculi myectomy with disabling the muscle of Riolan in patients with benign essential blepharospasm refractory to botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 25 patients. After removal of the redundant skin and underlying orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) with or without extended OOM removal to the area of the superior orbital rim, the tarsal plate and the gray line were vertically severed at 2 points to disable the muscle of Riolan.

Dacryoendoscopic examination for location of internal orifice of congenital lacrimal fistula: A case series.

We examined the location of the internal orifice of congenital lacrimal fistula using a dacryoendoscope in 5 patients. A suture inserted from the skin orifice and passing into the lacrimal drainage system through the fistula track was identified using a dacryoendoscope. Consequently, the suture passed into the lacrimal sac in all patients.