Impact of tumor-treating fields on the survival of Japanese patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: The EF-14 clinical trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study aimed to clarify the current status, safety, and efficacy of TTFields in Japanese patients who meet the EF-14 inclusion criteria.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Cytocidal Effects of Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium and a Semiconductor Laser in a Rat Intracerebral Glioma Model.

This preclinical study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of interstitial PDT (i-PDT) for malignant gliomas arising deep within the brain, which are difficult to remove. C6 glioma cells were implanted into the basal ganglia of rats, and 3 weeks later, the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (TPS) was administered intraperitoneally. Ninety minutes after administration, a prototype fine plastic optical fiber was punctured into the tumor tissue, and semiconductor laser light was irradiated into the tumor from a 2-mm cylindrical light-emitting source under various conditions.

Efficacy of interstitial photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium and a semiconductor laser for a mouse allograft glioma model.

To investigate the therapeutic potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for malignant gliomas arising in unresectable sites, we investigated the effect of tumor tissue damage by interstitial PDT (i-PDT) using talaporfin sodium (TPS) in a mouse glioma model in which C6 glioma cells were implanted subcutaneously. A kinetic study of TPS demonstrated that a dose of 10 mg/kg and 90 min after administration was appropriate dose and timing for i-PDT. Performing i-PDT using a small-diameter plastic optical fiber demonstrated that an irradiation energy density of 100 J/cm or higher was required to achieve therapeutic effects over the entire tumor tissue.

A Case of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma That Developed in a Patient Receiving Fingolimod Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis.

Fingolimod is an oral medication for the prevention of multiple sclerosis relapse, and its efficacy has been demonstrated in several clinical trials. Fingolimod has various side effects, such as arrhythmia and hepatic dysfunction. In addition, there have been rare reports of the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients undergoing fingolimod therapy, including primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Patient with Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-altered, Carrying an Mutation Who Experienced Thalamic Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27M-altered, is a tumor with a poor prognosis mainly found in children. An adolescent patient presented with thalamic hemorrhage, which initially could not be diagnosed as DMG by pathological analysis. A neoplasm in the lateral ventricle close to the previous thalamic hemorrhagic lesion was detected 12 months after the hemorrhage.

Clinical application of the mirror irradiation technique in photodynamic therapy for malignant glioma.

Background: Intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium for malignant glioma is effective both in the experimental and in the clinical setting. Because the irradiation unit is fixed to the objective lens of the operating microscope, blind spots for irradiation exist. To overcome this problem, we developed a mirror reflecting system using a modified dental mirror.

Salvage carbon ion radiotherapy for recurrent solitary fibrous tumor: A case report and literature review.

Background: Malignant solitary fibrous tumor (MSFT) arising from the spinal cord is extremely rare and poorly understood mesenchymal neoplasms: only a few MSFT in the spinal canal has been described. We describe the clinical course of the patient with MSFT arising from the thoracic spinal cord.

Case Report: We describe the clinical course of the patient and the radiological and pathological findings of the tumor.

Diffused light attenuation at 664 nm for PDT in salted cadaver brain.

Background: We investigated light attenuation at 664 nm, which is the excitation wavelength of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium, in a salted cadaver brain. Estimation of therapeutic lesions is important to ensure the effectiveness and safety of brain tumor PDT. Previously reported optical properties of the human brain vary widely.

Intraoperative Photodiagnosis for Malignant Glioma Using Photosensitizer Talaporfin Sodium.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of intraoperative photodiagnosis (PD) of malignant brain tumor using talaporfin sodium (TPS), which is an agent used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancers. Forty-seven patients diagnosed with malignant gliomas by preoperative imaging (42 patients with gliomas and 5 patients with other brain tumors) received an intravenous injection of TPS at 40 mg/m 24 h before resection. During surgery, these patients were irradiated with diode laser light at 664 nm, and tumor fluorescence was observed.

Microvascular Decompression for Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Due to Compression by Infundibular Dilatation of Posterior Communicating Artery.

Background: Oculomotor nerve palsy is occasionally a key indicator of an internal carotid posterior communicating (ICPC) artery bifurcation aneurysm. The interval between the onset of palsy and the time of surgery is considered to be the most important factor affecting recovery from oculomotor nerve palsy. We encountered a rare case of oculomotor nerve palsy due to compression by the infundibular dilatation of the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) rather than by an ICPC aneurysm.

A Case of Rapidly-Progressing Cervical Spine Subependymoma with Atypical Features.

This was a study of the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with a six-month history of headache and numbness radiating to the right arm. MRI revealed a fusiform intramedullary spinal tumor spanning C2 to C5 at the hospital where she first presented. As her right upper limb weakness had presented gradually, she visited our hospital after one and a half years.

Pathologic Findings and Clinical Course of Midline Paraventricular Gliomas Diagnosed Using a Neuroendoscope.

Introduction: Removal of midline paraventricular gliomas is difficult because of their deep localization and invasive character, requiring biopsy for pathologic diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the pathologic findings and clinical course of midline paraventricular gliomas diagnosed using a neuroendoscope.

Methods: This study was performed as a retrospective investigation using a neuroendoscope of 26 patients whose tumors were diagnosed as midline paraventricular gliomas.

A case of unruptured aneurysm of the internal carotid artery presenting as olfactory hallucinations.

Background: Olfactory hallucination, a symptom of medial temporal lobe epilepsy, is rarely associated with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Case Description: We encountered this situation in a 70-year-old woman with an unruptured aneurysm at the bifurcation of the internal carotid and posterior communicating artery. We were able to achieve epileptic control by craniotomy clipping and medial temporal lesionectomy.

Expression and gene doses changes of the p53-regulator PPM1D in meningiomas: a role in meningioma progression?

The aim of our study was to clarify the expression and gene copy number levels of protein phosphatase 1D magnesium-dependent, delta isoform (PPM1D), which is thought to be a regulator of the p53 protein in meningiomas of all three different WHO grades. Genomic DNA and mRNA were extracted from frozen tissues of meningiomas (WHO grade I, 20 cases; grade II, 17 cases; grade III, 20 cases). For analysis of the mRNA expression and gene dosage level of PPM1D, semiquantitative duplex RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and semiquantitative duplex PCR were performed.

Clinicopathological analysis in patients with neuroendocrine tumors that metastasized to the brain.

Background: A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) can develop anywhere in the body, but is mainly found in the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. This report is a retrospective study of the clinicopathological features of NET patients with brain metastasis whose tissue diagnosis was made at our hospital.

Methods: Patients with brain metastasis evidenced by clinical records and images were accumulated among 302 patients in whom tissue diagnosis of NETs was made at our hospital between 2008 and 2013.

Rapid De Novo Aneurysm Formation after Rathke Cleft Cyst Rupture.

Background: Spontaneous rupture of a Rathke cleft cyst is very rare, and rapid de novo aneurysm formation associated with pituitary apoplexy is rare.

Case Description: A 66-year-old woman experienced severe left temporal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a Rathke cleft cyst, and transsphenoidal surgery was planned.

Case of radiologically multicentric but genetically identical multiple glioblastomas.

Surgery was performed in a 65-year-old male patient with malignant gliomas at two locations in the left and right cerebral hemispheres that showed no apparent continuity in imaging studies. Slight differences in histopathological appearance were seen between the tumors, and multicentric malignant glioma was diagnosed. Detailed genetic examination showed both the left- and right-side tumors to be of the IDH-1 wild type with a p53 mutation at the same locus.

Neuromuscular hamartoma is a possible primary pathology of oculomotor ophthalmoplegic migraine.

Background: Oculomotor ophthalmoplegic migraine (O-OPM) occurs in many children, and in some cases MRI shows a small mass in the root exit zone (REZ) of the oculomotor nerve. This mass is considered to result from nerve hypertrophy caused by repeated demyelination.

Case Results: A 51-year-old man has been on oral medication for O-OPM, which he had from 6 years of age.