[Optimization of radiographic conditions for computed tomography (CT) during hepatic angiography by interventional radiology-CT angio system].

Many cases in which the skin complication are caused by increased exposure dose to skin by interventional radiology (IVR) are reported. Therefore, the decrease of patient exposure dose at IVR is important. Patient exposure dose by using IVR-computed tomography (CT) unit is defined as the sum of exposure dose from both angiography and CT scanner.

[Estimation of operator dose by dose area product meter].

Because of the more advanced and more complex procedures in interventional radiology (IVR), longer treatment times have become necessary. Therefore, it is important to determine the exposure doses received by operators and patients. Operator doses arising from the use of X-rays are mainly due to scattered radiation.

[Clinical application of a spot filter for exposure dose reduction].

An added filter on the collimator of the X-ray tube is useful for reducing exposure dose in interventional radiology (IVR). During IVR, high-quality fluoroscopic images are needed around the target region, but the portion of the fluoroscopic image that shows catheter/guide wires need not to be of high quality. Thus, we constructed an additional filter (spot filter) consisting of a copper sheet with an open hole in the center.