Development of the serotonin release assay with enterochromaffin cell-rich human intestinal organoids for the risk evaluation of drug-induced emesis.

Drug-induced emesis is one of the major symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity. Preclinical risk assessment of emesis has been challenging owing to the lack of suitable animal models or in vitro assay systems. One of the triggers of emesis is an excessive serotonin (5-HT) release from enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the intestinal tract, which activates the vomiting center in the brain stem and elicits the vomiting reflex.

Preoperative risk factors for 90-day postoperative mortality outcome in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.

Purpose: The mortality rate for non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia remains high even after patients survive the acute postoperative period with tremendous treatment efforts, including emergency surgery, which is challenging. The aim of this study was to explore the preoperative risk factors for 90-day postoperative mortality in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia who underwent emergency surgery between August 2014 and January 2023.

Idiopathic superior mesenteric venous thrombosis requiring bowel resection: a report of four cases.

Background: Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT) is mostly treated with anticoagulation therapy; however, SMVT can lead to irreversible bowel ischemia and require bowel resection in the acute or subacute phase.

Case Presentation: We report four cases of SMVT that required careful observation and bowel resection. Case 1: A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting that showed a completely occluded SMV with thrombus and small bowel ischemia.

Clinical Benefits of Reducing Dead Space Using a Closed Suction Drain and Subcutaneous Large-bite Buried Suture Technique to Prevent Superficial Surgical-site Infections Following Primary Closure of a Diverting Stoma.

Objectives: Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are the most common complication after stoma closure. We propose a new method for wound closure using the subcutaneous large-bite buried suture (SLBS) technique and a closed suction drain (CSD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a combination of the SLBS technique and a CSD to prevent superficial SSIs following stoma closure.

Preoperative albumin-bilirubin score and liver resection percentage determine postoperative liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Background: The success of liver resection relies on the ability of the remnant liver to regenerate. Most of the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of liver regeneration comes from rodent studies, and data on humans are scarce. Additionally, there is limited knowledge about the preoperative factors that influence postoperative regeneration.

Hypoxia at 3D organoid establishment selects essential subclones within heterogenous pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is especially hypoxic and composed of heterogeneous cell populations containing hypoxia-adapted cells. Hypoxia as a microenvironment of PDAC is known to cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to therapy. Therefore, cells adapted to hypoxia possess malignant traits that should be targeted for therapy.

Evaluation of the risk of diarrhea induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with cultured intestinal stem cells originated from crypts in humans and monkeys.

Severe diarrhea is a common side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). We aimed to evaluate the risk of EGFR-TKI-induced diarrhea using spheroids of human and monkey crypt-derived intestinal stem cells. Intestinal spheroids exhibited higher toxic susceptibility to EGFR-TKIs than Caco-2 cells.

Total Superior Mesenteric Artery Nerve Plexus Preservation During Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) nerve plexus (PLsma) dissection has been performed to achieve R0 resection in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in high-volume centers. However, full-extent PLsma preservation in PD is employed in our institution. The feasibility of the PLsma preservation strategy was investigated.

Triple modal treatment comprising with proton beam radiation, hyperthermia, and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I/II study protocol (TT-LAP trial).

Background: Locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), accounting for about 30% of PDAC patients, is difficult to cure by radical resection or systemic chemotherapy alone. A multidisciplinary strategy is required and our TT-LAP trial aims to evaluate whether triple-modal treatment with proton beam therapy (PBT), hyperthermia, and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is a safe and synergistically effective treatment for patients with locally advanced PDAC.

Methods: This trial is an interventional, open-label, non-randomized, single-center, single-arm phase I/II clinical trial organized and sponsored by the University of Tsukuba.

Clinical advantage of transmediastinal esophagectomy in terms of postoperative respiratory complications.

Background: Although the transmediastinal approach as a radical esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma patients has attracted attention, its advantages over the transthoracic approach remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transmediastinal esophagectomy (TME) in terms of postoperative respiratory complications compared to that of open transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE).

Methods: We reviewed patients with thoracic and abdominal esophageal carcinoma who underwent TME or TTE between February 2014 and November 2021.

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula in the brachial artery after percutaneous coronary intervention in a patient with end stage kidney disease.

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a complication accompanying venous and arterial puncture. Herein we report a case of ligation closure of an iatrogenic AVF in the brachial artery after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). A 68-year-old woman presented with a history of several coronary angiographies (CAG) and PCI through the right brachial artery.

Well-concealed advanced duodenal carcinoma with Muir-Torre syndrome: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Muir-Torre syndrome is an autosomal-dominant mutation in mismatch repair genes that gives rise to sebaceous tumors and visceral malignancies over time. Because colorectal and genitourinary cancers are common in Muir-Torre syndrome, duodenal carcinoma diagnoses are often delayed.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented with severe emaciation, anorexia, and upper abdominal pain.

The predictive markers of severity and mortality in hospitalized hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 during Omicron epidemic.

Introduction: Predictive markers and prognosis remain unclear in hospitalized hemodialysis (HD) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron epidemic.

Methods: We evaluated characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes in hospitalized HD patients with COVID-19 (n = 102) at two centers between January and April 2022.

Results: The 30-day mortality rate was higher in moderate-critical group (n = 43) than mild group (n = 59) (16.

The Impact of Tunneled Central Venous Hemodialysis Catheter on Mortality of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients Hospitalized in a Long-Term Care Hospital.

Introduction: The association between tunneled central venous hemodialysis catheters (TCVCs) and mortality in hospitalized elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in a long-term care hospital. We evaluated the association between TCVC and mortality in HD patients hospitalized between 2015 and 2020.

Transhiatal bilateral thoracic duct ligation for duplicated thoracic duct injury after esophagectomy: a case report.

Background: The treatment of duplicated thoracic ducts (TDs) injury after esophagectomy generally requires a bilateral transthoracic approach. We present the cases of two patients with postoperative chylothorax who underwent transhiatal bilateral TD ligation for duplicated TDs.

Case Presentation: Two patients diagnosed with chylothorax after esophagectomy performed for thoracic esophageal cancer underwent transhiatal TD ligation.

Lectin-based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to current treatments but lectin-based therapy targeting cell surface glycans could be a promising new horizon. Here, we report a novel lectin-based phototherapy (Lec-PT) that combines the PDAC targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin to a photoabsorber, IRDye700DX (rBC2-IR700), resulting in a novel and highly specific near-infrared, light-activated, anti-PDAC therapy. Lec-PT cytotoxicity was first verified in vitro with a human PDAC cell line, Capan-1, indicating that rBC2-IR700 is only cytotoxic upon cellular binding and exposure to near-infrared light.

Prediction of early graft function after living donor kidney transplantation by quantifying the "nephron mass" using CT-volumetric software.

Early renal function after living-donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) depends on the "nephron mass" in the renal graft. In this study, as a possible donor-recipient size mismatch parameter that directly reflects the "nephron mass," the cortex to recipient weight ratio (CRWR) was calculated by CT-volumetric software, and its ability to predict early graft function was examined. One hundred patients who underwent LDKT were enrolled.

Transhiatal chest drainage in mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy for esophageal cancer occasionally causes postoperative accumulation of pleural effusion despite the preservation of the mediastinal pleura. Transhiatal chest drainage has been reported to be useful for thoracic esophagectomy; however, its use in mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy remains unelucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transhiatal chest drainage in mediastinoscope and laparoscope-assisted esophagectomy.

Potential Applicability of Local Resection With Prophylactic Left Gastric Artery Basin Dissection for Early-Stage Gastric Cancer in the Upper Third of the Stomach.

Purpose: Total or proximal gastrectomy of the upper-third early gastric cancer (u-EGC) often causes severe post-gastrectomy syndrome, suggesting that these procedures are extremely invasive for patients without pathologically positive lymph node (LN) metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of a stomach function-preserving surgery, local resection (LR), with prophylactic left gastric artery (LGA)-basin dissection (LGA-BD).

Materials And Methods: The data of patients with u-EGC (pathologically diagnosed as T1) were retrospectively analyzed.

Pancreatic juice outflow in pancreatojejunostomy monitoring with the inter-anastomosis drainage tube; a retrospective observational study.

Background: Pancreatic fistula remains the biggest problem in pancreatic surgery. We have previously reported a new pancreatojejunostomy method using an inter-anastomosis drainage (IAD) suction tube with Blumgart anastomosis for drainage of the pancreatic juice leaking from the branched pancreatic ducts. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our novel method, in pancreatojejunostomy and investigate the nature of the inter-anastomosis space between jejunal wall and pancreas parenchyma.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among general surgeons in Japan.

Purpose: General surgeons are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), especially in their neck and back. The prevalence and risk factors for surgeons' WRMSDs in Japan have not been well surveyed.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on WRMSDs was conducted among general surgeons in Japan.

COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a fatal complication in the general population. However, there are few reports on CAPA in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a single center between December 2020 and June 2021.