CdTe XG-Cam: A new high-resolution x-ray and gamma-ray camera for studies of the pharmacokinetics of radiopharmaceuticals in small animals.

Background: The recent emergence of targeted radionuclide therapy has increased the demand for imagers capable of visualizing pharmacokinetics in developing radiopharmaceuticals in the preclinical phase. Some radionuclides emit hard x-rays and gamma-rays below 100 keV, in which energy range the performance of conventional NaI scintillators is poor. Multipinhole collimators are also used for small animal imaging with a good spatial resolution but have a limited field of view (FOV).

Development and Utility of an Imaging System for Internal Dosimetry of Astatine-211 in Mice.

In targeted radionuclide therapy, determining the absorbed dose of the ligand distributed to the whole body is vital due to its direct influence on therapeutic and adverse effects. However, many targeted alpha therapy drugs present challenges for in vivo quantitative imaging. To address this issue, we developed a planar imaging system equipped with a cadmium telluride semiconductor detector that offers high energy resolution.

Dual-radionuclide in vivo imaging of micro-metastasis and lymph tract with submillimetre resolution.

Multi-radionuclide in vivo imaging with submillimetre resolution can be a potent tool for biomedical research. While high-resolution radionuclide imaging faces challenges in sensitivity, multi-radionuclide imaging encounters difficulty due to radiation contamination, stemming from crosstalk between radionuclides and Compton scattering. Addressing these challenges simultaneously is imperative for multi-radionuclide high-resolution imaging.

Drug-induced entero-colitis due to interleukin-17 inhibitor use; capsule endoscopic findings and pathological characteristics: A case report.

Background: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors are known to cause exacerbation or new onset of inflammatory bowel disease upon administration. However, few reports have described characteristic endoscopic and histopathologic findings, and no small intestinal lesions have been reported so far.

Case Summary: A woman in her 60s with psoriasis was administered ixekizumab (IXE), an anti-IL-17A antibody, for the treatment of psoriasis.

Simultaneous visualization of multiple radionuclides in vivo.

The insufficient energy and spatial resolutions of radionuclide imaging with conventional scintillation detectors restrict the visualization of multiple radionuclides and of microstructures in tissue. Here we report the development and performance of an imaging system equipped with a cadmium telluride diode detector that achieves an energy resolution of 1.7% at 140 keV and a spatial resolution of 250 μm.

Non-destructive 3D imaging method using muonic X-rays and a CdTe double-sided strip detector.

Elemental analysis based on muonic X-rays resulting from muon irradiation provides information about bulk material composition without causing damage, which is essential in the case of precious or otherwise unreachable samples, such as in archeology and planetary science. We developed a three-dimensional (3D) elemental analysis technique by combining the elemental analysis method based on negative muons with an imaging cadmium telluride double-sided strip detector (CdTe-DSD) designed for the hard X-ray and soft [Formula: see text]-ray observation. A muon irradiation experiment using spherical plastic samples was conducted at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC); a set of projection images was taken by the CdTe-DSD, equipped with a pinhole collimator, for different sample rotation angles.

Second-generation narrow-band imaging to detect colorectal adenomas: A prospective study including community hospitals.

Background And Aim: It is unclear whether second-generation narrow-band imaging (NBI) improves colorectal adenoma detection in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the ability of NBI to detect adenomas in academic and community hospitals.

Methods: This observational, multicenter study was conducted in four academic and four community hospitals between July 2018 and April 2019.

Risk of colonoscopic post-polypectomy bleeding in patients after the discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy.

Background/aims: Few studies have examined the incidence of post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) after discontinuation of antithrombotic therapies. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of PPB and thromboembolic events in patients whose antithrombotic agents were discontinued before colonoscopy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively selected all patients who underwent colon polypectomy at a community hospital.

Imaging of Tc-DMSA and F-FDG in humans using a Si/CdTe Compton camera.

The Compton camera can simultaneously acquire images of multiple isotopes injected in a body; therefore, it has the potential to introduce a new subfield in the field of biomedical imaging applications. The objective of this study is to assess the ability of a prototype semiconductor-based silicon/cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) Compton camera to simultaneously image the distributions of technetium (Tc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) (141 keV emission) and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) (511 keV emission) injected into a human volunteer. Tc-DMSA and F-FDG were injected intravenously into a 25-year-old male volunteer.

In vivo simultaneous imaging with Tc and F using a Compton camera.

We have been developing a medical imaging technique using a Compton camera. This study evaluates the feasibility of clear imaging with Tc and F simultaneously, and demonstrates in vivo imaging with Tc and/or F. We used a Compton camera with silicon and cadmium telluride (Si/CdTe) semiconductors.

Hitomi X-ray studies of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab pulsar.

To search for giant X-ray pulses correlated with the giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar, we performed a simultaneous observation of the Crab pulsar with the X-ray satellite Hitomi in the 2 - 300 keV band and the Kashima NICT radio observatory in the 1.4 - 1.7 GHz band with a net exposure of about 2 ks on 25 March 2016, just before the loss of the Hitomi mission.

Fisher Information Analysis of Depth-of-Interaction Estimation in Double-Sided Strip Detectors.

In very-high-spatial-resolution gamma-ray imaging applications, such as preclinical PET and SPECT, estimation of 3D interaction location inside the detector crystal can be used to minimize parallax error in the imaging system. In this work, we investigate the effect of bias voltage setting on depth-of-interaction (DOI) estimates for a semiconductor detector with a double-sided strip geometry. We first examine the statistical properties of the signals and develop expressions for likelihoods for given gamma-ray interaction positions.

[A case of enterolith ileus secondary to acute pancreatitis associated with a juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum].

A 63-year-old woman with abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. Her pancreatic enzymes were elevated, and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed an enlarged pancreas, consistent with pancreatitis, and gas collection containing an impacted stone adjacent to Vater's papilla. This finding raised the suspicion of a duodenal diverticulum.

Three-dimensional and multienergy gamma-ray simultaneous imaging by using a Si/CdTe Compton camera.

Purpose: To develop a silicon (Si) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) imaging Compton camera for biomedical application on the basis of technologies used for astrophysical observation and to test its capacity to perform three-dimensional (3D) imaging.

Materials And Methods: All animal experiments were performed according to the Animal Care and Experimentation Committee (Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan). Flourine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), iodine 131 ((131)I) methylnorcholestenol, and gallium 67 ((67)Ga) citrate, separately compacted into micro tubes, were inserted subcutaneously into a Wistar rat, and the distribution of the radioisotope compounds was determined with 3D imaging by using the Compton camera after the rat was sacrificed (ex vivo model).

Adsorptive depletion of alpha4 integrin(hi)- and CX3CR1hi-expressing proinflammatory monocytes in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Two main functionally distinct monocytes phenotypes are known: the CD14(hi)CD16(-) "classical" and the CD14(+)CD16(+) "proinflammatory" phenotypes. The latter phenotype is elevated in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and is suspected to have a major role in the immunopathogenesis of UC.

Aim: To selectively deplete circulating proinflammatory CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte phenotype.