Creation and Validation of Patient-Derived Cancer Model Using Peritoneal and Pleural Effusion in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: An Early Experience.

: The application of personalized cancer treatment based on genetic information and surgical samples has begun in the field of cancer medicine. However, a biopsy may be painful for patients with advanced diseases that do not qualify for surgical resection. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are cancer models in which patient samples are transplanted into immunodeficient mice.

Consistency between Primary Uterine Corpus Malignancies and Their Corresponding Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models retain the characteristics of tumors and are useful tools for personalized therapy and translational research. In this study, we aimed to establish PDX models for uterine corpus malignancies (UC-PDX) and analyze their similarities. Tissue fragments obtained from 92 patients with uterine corpus malignancies were transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice.

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer triggered by occult fallopian tube cancer: a case report.

Background: At the time of benign gynecological surgery, a prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy or salpingectomy is increasingly being performed concurrently to reduce the risk of future ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. We herein describe a case of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome in which a hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy were performed with a preoperative diagnosis of benign tumor. A detailed pathological examination revealed occult fallopian tube cancer, and additional staging surgery provided an accurate pathology diagnosis.

Medroxyprogesterone acetate-resistant endometrial cancer cells are susceptible to ferroptosis inducers.

Aims: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is the most common fertility-sparing treatment in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. If MPA treatment fails, hysterectomy is recommended. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel treatment approaches for MPA-resistant endometrial cancer patients who wish to preserve their fertility.

Boron uptake of boronophenylalanine and the effect of boron neutron capture therapy in cervical cancer cells.

There are few studies about boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cervical cancer. The present study evaluated the biodistribution of boronophenylalanine (BPA) and the effect of BNCT on cervical cancer cell lines. BPA exposure and neutron irradiation of cervical cancer cell lines resulted in decreased survival fraction compared to irradiation only.

Robot-assisted modified radical hysterectomy with removal of lymphatic vessel using indocyanine green: A new method.

Background: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedures using indocyanine green (ICG) have recently been performed worldwide. The aim of this study was to emphasise the safety of robot-assisted modified radical hysterectomy (RAMRH) with removal of the lymphatic vessels (RLV) using ICG in endometrial cancer according to a single surgeon's experience.

Methods: Robot-assisted modified radical hysterectomy with RLV using ICG was performed in patients with endometrial cancer.

Postsurgical urodynamic study of total laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the impact on urodynamic results between the laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (LRH) following a step-by-step procedure and abdominal nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (ARH) for patients with uterine cervical cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 76 patients with cervical cancer: 35 in the LRH group and 41 in the ARH group. We analyzed their postoperative bladder function in a urodynamics study and examined the volume of resected pelvic nerves contained in parametrial sections using S-100 antibody staining.

Validation of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Cervical Cancer Based on Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful tools for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, and personalized medicine strategies, and can be developed by the heterotopic or orthotopic grafting of surgically resected tumors into immunodeficient mice. We report the PDX models of cervical cancer and demonstrate the similarities among original and different generations of PDX tumors. Fresh tumor tissues collected from 22 patients with primary cervical cancer were engrafted subcutaneously into NOD.

Endometrial Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models: A Systematic Review.

Background: Because patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models resemble the original tumors, they can be used as platforms to find target agents for precision medicine and to study characteristics of tumor biology such as clonal evolution and microenvironment interactions. The aim of this review was to identify articles on endometrial cancer PDXs (EC-PDXs) and verify the methodology and outcomes.

Methods: We used PubMed to research and identify articles on EC-PDX.

Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been a focus of attention because they closely resemble the tumor features of patients and retain the molecular and histological features of diseases. They are promising tools for translational research. In the current systematic review, we identify publications on PDX models of cervical cancer (CC-PDX) with descriptions of main methodological characteristics and outcomes to identify the most suitable method for CC-PDX.

Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer: comparison of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy.

Background: There is uncertainty surrounding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in low-risk endometrial cancer, especially in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this retrospective study is to determine the prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology among patients with low-risk endometrial cancer and to compare it between laparoscopic surgery and conventional laparotomy.

Methods: From August 2008 to December 2019, all cases of pathologically confirmed stage IA grade 1 or 2 endometrial cancer were reviewed at Osaka Medical College.

Oncologic outcomes for patients with endometrial cancer who received minimally invasive surgery: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy has been performed for patients with endometrial cancer as minimally invasive surgery; however, the long-term outcomes of high-risk disease compared to open surgery remain unclear.

Methods: Eight hundred and eighty-three patients with endometrial cancer who underwent laparoscopic or abdominal hysterectomy were categorized into three groups. Low-risk disease was defined as stage IA disease with endometrioid carcinoma of grade 1 or 2.

The Diagnostic Accuracy of an Intraoperative Frozen Section Analysis and Imprint Cytology of Sentinel Node Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancer: a Retrospective Observational Study.

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) may be a decision-making tool for function preservation surgery, including radical trachelectomy and ovary preservation in the treatment of cervical and endometrial cancer. The intraoperative diagnosis is important for guiding treatment decisions for patients with these conditions. Three hundred seventy-one patients with cervical and endometrial cancer received SNB with an intraoperative frozen section analysis and imprint cytology.

Serum exosomal microRNA-34a as a potential biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and thus an accurate diagnosis of the predisposition and its early detection is necessary. The aims of this study were to determine whether serum exosomal microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in ovarian cancer could be used as a potential biomarker.

Methods: Exosomes from OC patients' serum were collected, and exosomal miRNAs were extracted.

Intraperitoneal cytology after laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with vaginal closure without the use of a manipulator for cervical cancer: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: Although laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) has been performed for patients with cervical cancer because of its minimal invasiveness, a recent large prospective study showed that LRH was associated with a lower rate of disease-free survival and overall survival. However, the reason for these results is not apparent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tumor spillage during LRH with vaginal closure without the use of a manipulator.

Intraperitoneal cytology after laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with endometrial cancer: A retrospective observational study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissemination of cancer cells at laparoscopic hysterectomy according to the intraperitoneal cytology.Patients with endometrial cancer underwent total laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy. Peritoneal wash cytology was performed on entering the peritoneal cavity before surgical preparation and just after hysterectomy.

Whether the Autism Spectrum Quotient consists of two different subgroups? Cluster analysis of the Autism Spectrum Quotient in general population.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the individuals in the general population with high scores on the Autism Spectrum Quotient constituted a single homogeneous group or not. A cohort of university students (n = 4901) was investigated by cluster analysis based on the original five subscales of the Autism Spectrum Quotient. Based on the results of the analysis, the students could be divided into six clusters: the first with low scores on all the five subscales, the second with high scores on only the 'attention to detail' subscale, the third and fourth with intermediate scores on all the subscales, the fifth with high scores on four of the five subscales but low scores on the 'attention to detail' subscale and the sixth with high scores on all the five subscales.

Usefulness of polyglycolic acid-polypropylene composite scaffolds for three-dimensional cartilage regeneration in a large-animal autograft model.

Background: Approaches to auricular reconstruction have shown improved outcome when a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) slow-release system and fibrin spraying are combined with biodegradable polymers. More complex, three-dimensional structures, such as those that replicate the human auricle, are often lost because of biodegradation of the synthetic scaffold.

Methods: To improve the mechanical strength of regenerated cartilage, the authors grafted canine autologous chondrocytes after seeding onto scaffolds made of a complex of polyglycolic acid and polypropylene, incorporating a slow-release bFGF system with a fibrin spray coating.

Molecular mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

To clarify the molecular mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, the murA, glpT, uhpT, uhpA, ptsI and cyaA genes were sequenced from six fosfomycin-resistant isolates. Two strains were found to harbour a mutation in the murA gene that leads to an amino acid substitution (Asp369Asn or Leu370Ile) in the target protein. The remaining four strains carried specific mutations in the glpT gene; one strain possessed a mutation and the other three strains possessed truncated versions of the GlpT transporter owing either to the presence of insertion sequences or a deletion in the coding region of the gene.

Comparative study of silk fibroin porous scaffolds derived from salt/water and sucrose/hexafluoroisopropanol in cartilage formation.

The purpose of this study is to create a new silk fibroin scaffold with sufficient three-dimensional morphology and porous structure for cartilage formation. We have applied sucrose particles sized around 300 to 500 microm as porogens compared to equal-sized salt particles. After the porogen was leached out with water, scaffolds were prepared with fibroin derived from sucrose/hexafluoroisopropanol (Su/H) or salt/water (Sa/W) based composites.