HLA-class II and class I genotypes among Japanese children with Type 1A diabetes and their families.

Objective: To determine the HLA-DRB1, DQB1, DPB1, A, C, and B genotypes among Japanese children with autoimmune type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Four hundred and thirty patients who were GADAb and/or IA-2Ab-positive (Type 1A) were recruited from 37 medical centers as part of a nationwide multicenter collaborative study. DNA samples from 83 siblings of the children with Type 1A diabetes and 149 parent-child trios were also analyzed.

Improvement of glucose tolerance by nateglinide occurs through enhancement of early phase insulin secretion.

Nateglinide is a new, fast-onset, short-acting hypoglycemic agent, which increases early phase insulin secretion and the total amount of insulin secreted. However, it is not clear which of these effects contribute more to the decrease in postprandial plasma glucose (PG). To further clarify the pharmacologic actions of nateglinide, we investigated the changes in PG and insulin levels during meal tolerance tests with and without nateglinide.