High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Their Oxidized Subfraction Particles in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may lead to reduced concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3), and damage them via inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to determine the contribution of such changes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with CKD.

Methods: The levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, HDL2, HDL3, apolipoproteins, malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL), oxidized (ox) HDL, oxHDL2, and oxHDL3 were measured in blood samples from patients with CKD (stages 2-5, n=86) who were not on dialysis and from patients undergoing hemodialysis (CKD stage 5D, n=25).

Oxidized high-density lipoprotein is associated with increased plasma glucose in non-diabetic dyslipidemic subjects.

Background: Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) has reduced capacity for cholesterol efflux and some of other anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, but the role of oxHDL in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the association of oxHDL with plasma glucose (PG) and the other atherosclerotic risk variables in non-diabetic dyslipidemic subjects.

Methods: Conventional atherosclerotic markers and LDL particle size (LDL-PS), as determined by gel electrophoresis, were measured in 155 non-diabetic subjects (mean age of 57 years) with dyslipidemia.

Oxidized high-density lipoprotein as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in prevalent hemodialysis patients.

Background And Objectives: Here, we assessed the impact of oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL), dysfunctional HDL, on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in prevalent HD patients and compared oxHDL to interleukin-6 (IL-6), a strong predictor of CVD events in HD patients.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Measurements: This prospective study examined a cohort of prevalent HD patients (n=412). Blood samples were obtained at baseline to measure lipids, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL-6, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), myeloperoxidase, adiponectin, and oxHDL.

α1-Antitrypsin low-density-lipoprotein serves as a marker of smoking-specific oxidative stress.

Aim: While smoking cessation (SC) leads to a reduction of cardiovascular events, atherogenic biomarkers specifically connected with cigarette smoking and SC are unknown. Circulating levels of oxidatively modified low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, two novel, oxidatively modified LDL markers, serum amyloid A-LDL (SAA-LDL) and α1-antitrypsin-LDL (AT-LDL), were identified; however, the significance of SAA-LDL and AT-LDL as cardiovascular risk markers is unknown.

Fenofibrate ameliorates insulin resistance, hypertension and novel oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The benefits of fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist, against cardiovascular risk factors have been established. To clarify the underlying mechanisms of these benefits, we examined the effects of fenofibrate on insulin resistance, hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation markers in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: Eleven Japanese patients with metabolic syndrome underwent physical examinations and blood tests before and after treatment with fenofibrate 200 mg daily for 8 weeks.

Association between cystatin C and inflammation in patients with essential hypertension.

Background: Serum cystatin C is not only a marker of renal function but also acts as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular damage, heart failure, and death. It is known that the initiation and progression of these cardiovascular events contributes to renal dysfunction and chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cystatin C and proinflammatory cytokines.

Oxidized high-density lipoprotein is associated with protein-energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Background And Objectives: Oxidized HDL (oxHDL) may behave as proinflammatory HDL because of reduced anti-inflammatory capacity and is considered a risk factor for mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). The study presented here assessed the effect of oxHDL on protein-energy wasting (PEW) in MHD patients.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This prospective study examined a cohort of MHD patients (n = 176) who were not taking lipid-lowering drugs.

Renal resistance index is a marker of future renal dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension.

Aim: In patients with essential hypertension (EHT), the intrarenal resistance index (RI) has been shown to be related to the severity of target organ damage (TOD). Cystatin C is has been reported to be related to TOD in EHT. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the RI predicts future renal function assessed by cystatin C levels in EHT.

Assessment of myeloperoxidase and oxidative alpha1-antitrypsin in patients on hemodialysis.

Background And Objectives: The present study assesses the effects of the oxidative stress marker, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the possible MPO-related oxidative stress marker, oxidative alpha(1)-antitrypsin (oxAT), on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and protein-energy wasting (PEW) in patients on hemodialysis (HD).

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Blood samples were obtained from 383 patients before HD to measure WBC count, serum albumin, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AT), interleukin-6, oxidative LDL-C, MPO, and oxAT. We assessed both CIMT and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in this cross-sectional competitive study.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which includes apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI-LDL) as a novel marker of coronary artery disease.

Background: Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which includes apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI-LDL) may be generated by oxidization in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We determine the utility of the serum apoAI-LDL level as a novel coronary risk factor.

Methods: We measured serum apoAI-LDL in 473 consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography.

Evaluation of adsorption of urine cystatin C to the polymer materials on the microplate by an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Background: Cystatin C is a low molecular weight protein of 13 kDa with an isoelectric point of 9.3. Its adsorption on the urine sampling containers may cause the underestimation of cystatin C levels.

Establishment and evaluation of 2 monoclonal antibodies against oxidized apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and its application to determine blood oxidized apoA-I levels.

Background: Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major lipoprotein component of high-density lipoprotein(HDL), and plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. Its function is known to be influenced by oxidation.

Methods: Using H2O2-or chloramine T-oxidized apoA-I as antigen, we prepared 2 kinds of monoclonal antibodies, and established an ELISA system for the measurement of oxidized apoA-I.

A serum amyloid A and LDL complex as a new prognostic marker in stable coronary artery disease.

Background: Although some reports have indicated that acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) can predict the prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome, the value of these markers in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains obscure. Therefore, our aim was to determine the prognostic value of inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods And Results: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 140 consecutive patients with stable coronary artery disease who had at least one coronary stenosis more than 50% in diameter seen on diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG).

[Development of blood examination method of serum amyloid A and LDL complex, and clinical application to prediction of cardiovascular event].

In recent years, it has been reported that the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein(CRP) and serum amyloid A(SAA), the sera levels of which are elevated in inflammation, are also elevated in coronary artery disease such as acute myocardial infarction. Also, high-sensitivity CRP assay is thought to be useful in predicting the prognosis of coronary heart disease. While investigating complexes of acute-phase proteins and low-density lipoprotein(LDL), we found a complex of LDL and SAA(SAA/LDL complex).

Evaluation of oxidized alpha-1-antitrypsin in blood as an oxidative stress marker using anti-oxidative alpha1-AT monoclonal antibody.

Background: alpha1-AT is a 52-kDa acute-phase protein and a typical serine proteinase inhibitor, which is present in human serum. In vivo, the inhibitor prevents tissue damage by inactivating proteinases, such as elastase, that are released from activated neutrophils in the presence of inflammation.

Methods: We obtained a monoclonal antibody against oxidized alpha1-AT(3F4) using chloramine T-oxidized alpha1-AT as the antigen.