A method for evaluating root-knot nematode infection in rice using a transparent paper pouch.

The root-knot nematode (RKN) is one of the most economically damaging plant-parasitic nematodes. Molecular studies of the plant-RKN interaction have been vigorously carried out in dicotyledonous model plants, while the host range of is wide including monocotyledonous plants. As causes quality and yield losses in rice ( L.

Water-immersion restraint stress disrupts nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems through rapid and continuous ascorbic acid depletion in the adrenal gland of rats.

We examined whether water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) disrupts nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems through ascorbic acid depletion in the adrenal gland of rats. Rats were exposed to WIRS for 0.5, 1.

Giant coronary artery aneurysm with coronary arteriovenous fistula draining into the coronary sinus.

A 77-year-old patient suffering from a giant right coronary artery aneurysm with coronary arteriovenous fistula was admitted to our hospital. The fistula could not be documented preoperatively by computed tomography or coronary angiography but was documented intraoperatively by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). However, TEE was unable to visualize the draining site of the fistula.

Protective effect of L-ascorbic acid against oxidative damage in the liver of rats with water-immersion restraint stress.

We examined whether L-ascorbic acid (AA) (or reduced ascorbic acid) protects against oxidative damage in the liver of rats subjected to water-immersion stress (WIRS). AA (100, 250 or 500 mg/kg) was orally administered at 0.5 h before the onset of WIRS.

Vitamin E protects against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats more effectively than vitamin C.

In this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E (VE) against gastric mucosal lesions induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) in rats in comparison with that of vitamin C (VC). The gastric mucosa of rats with 6 h of WIRS showed lesions with bleeding, decrease in nonprotein SH, VC, VE, and adherent mucus concentrations and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity, and increase in lipid peroxide and NOx (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations and myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities. Either VE (0.

Involvement of oxidative stress in increases in the serum levels of various enzymes and components in rats with water-immersion restraint stress.

The plasma or serum levels of various enzymes and components are known to increase in rats with water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS). We examined whether oxidative stress is involved in increases in the serum levels of various enzymes and components in rats with WIRS. Rats were exposed to WIRS for 6 h after oral administration of vitamin E (VE) (50 or 250 mg/kg).

Compound 48/80 causes oxidative stress in the adrenal gland of rats through mast cell degranulation.

Rats were intraperitoneally treated once with compound 48/80 (C48/80), a mast cell degranulator, (0.75 mg/kg). Serum serotonin, histamine and corticosterone levels increased 0.