Decreased islet amyloid polypeptide staining in the islets of insulinoma patients.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a factor that regulates food intake and is secreted from both pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate IAPP immunohistochemically in islets or insulinoma cells in association with clinical characteristics. We recruited six insulinoma patients and six body mass index-matched control patients with pancreatic diseases other than insulinoma whose glucose tolerance was confirmed to be normal preoperatively.

Preoperative hemoglobin A1c is associated with postoperative bleeding after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

We previously reported that a high HbA1c level 3 months before vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage or a large preoperative decrease in the HbA1c level over 3 months tended to increase the risk of rebleeding in diabetic retinopathy patients evaluated between 2010 and 2014. Here, we aimed to confirm these results with an extended study period and an increased number of operated eyes. This study included 121 diabetic patients who were admitted to Osaka University Hospital between 2010 and 2019 and who underwent vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage.

Expansion of human alpha-cell area is associated with a higher maximum body mass index before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

We examined whether maximum body mass index (BMI) before the onset of diabetes (MBBO) affects histological findings of islet cells. We divided patients into two groups according to an MBBO cutoff of 25 kg/m or BMI cutoff of 21 kg/m. We compared immunohistochemical parameters between the MBBO groups or BMI groups.

Consumption of two meals per day is associated with increased intrapancreatic fat deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the associations between lifestyle factors and intrapancreatic fat deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: The participants were 185 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized at Osaka University Hospital between 2008 and 2020 and underwent abdominal CT during hospitalization. Information regarding lifestyle factors, including the number of meals consumed per day, snacking habits, exercise habits, exercise at work, smoking habits, alcohol intake, insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, and night-shift working, was acquired from self-administered questionnaires or medical records.

Genetic assessment using whole-exome sequencing for a young hypertriglyceridemic patient with repeated acute pancreatitis.

Hypertriglyceridemia is caused not only by environmental factors but also by genetic factors. Severe hypertriglyceridemia is prone to complications of acute pancreatitis. Here, we report a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis for a young hypertriglyceridemic patient with recurrent acute pancreatitis and the patient's mother.

Motivation for Treatment Correlating Most Strongly with an Increase in Satisfaction with Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.

Introduction: We previously reported several factors that cross-sectionally correlate with treatment satisfaction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes visiting diabetes clinics. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with longitudinal changes in treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study included 649 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral glucose-lowering agents who completed the first questionnaire in 2016.

Whole-exome Sequencing Analysis of a Japanese Patient With Hyperinsulinemia and Liver Dysfunction.

Hyperinsulinemia is often observed in obese subjects because of insulin resistance, but it may occur in nonobese subjects with unknown etiology. A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the examination of hyperinsulinemia, reactive hypoglycemia, and liver dysfunction. The patient's body mass index was 23.

Maximum body mass index before onset of type 2 diabetes is independently associated with advanced diabetic complications.

Introduction: The maximum body mass index (BMI) before onset of type 2 diabetes (MBBO) might be used to estimate a patient's insulin secretion capacity. There have been few factors that can predict future diabetic complications at the time of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to clarify the clinical usefulness of MBBO for predicting the development of advanced diabetic microvascular complications.

Amelioration of pancreatic fat accumulation in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: a retrospective study.

Background: Prior reports have suggested that pancreatic fat is related to type 2 diabetes. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are expected to reduce ectopic fat accumulation.

Aim: This study assessed the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on pancreatic and liver fat accumulations in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Coincidence of Large Adrenal Cyst and Prominent Hyporeninemic Hyperaldosteronism.

A 67-year-old Japanese woman who had end-stage renal disease was referred to our hospital for kidney transplantation. Abdominal CT revealed a large adrenal mass with inhomogeneity. She had a history of hospitalization for stroke and heart failure and exhibited prominent hyporeninemic hyperaldosteronism.

Digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract and migration to blood of β'-component (Onk k 5), a major salmon roe IgE-binding protein.

The major allergen of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) roe is the β'-component (Onc k 5, β'-c), which is a yolk protein and a fragment of vitellogenin. When yolk content containing β'-c was orally administered to mice, β'-c passed through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted in feces without marked degradation. The direct administration of β'-c to ligated jejunal and ileal loops showed that β'-c was absorbed through the small intestine and transferred into the blood.

Case of a novel PAX6 mutation with aniridia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We present a case of a novel PAX6 heterozygous mutation with aniridia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of its mutation with a complete loss of insulin secretory capacity. We believe that our letter will add new knowledge to diabetes mellitus associated with PAX6 mutations and might help us to understand the role of PAX6 in beta-cell development.

Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Receptor Gene Mutation in Nonobese Healthy Subjects in Japan.

Context: Hyperinsulinemia is often observed in obese people, owing to their insulin resistance accompanied by visceral fat accumulation, but the frequency of hyperinsulinemia in nonobese people is not well known. Mutations in the insulin receptor gene are known to cause insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in type A insulin resistance syndrome, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and Donohue syndrome. However, insulin receptor gene abnormalities have not been investigated in asymptomatic hyperinsulinemic subjects.

An Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Improved After Vitamin B Treatment in a Type 1 Diabetic Patient.

An impaired awareness of hypoglycemia is a serious problem in diabetic patients, which can lead to life-threatening severe hypoglycemia. Recurrent hypoglycemia attenuates the function of the central, mainly hypothalamic, nervous system and it causes an impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. Vitamin B deficiency is also associated with the dysfunction of central nervous system.