Treatment of pre- and confirmed cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries: a systematic review.

Background: Cervical cancer has become a major public health challenge in developing countries with a reported age-standardised incidence rate of about 17.9/100,000/year and lifetime risks approaching 1 in 20 in some settings. Evidence indicates that HIV-seropositive women are 2 to 12 times more likely to develop precancerous lesions that lead to cervical cancer than HIV-negative women.

Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries through cervical cancer screening: a systematic review.

Background: There is scanty or inconclusive evidence on which cervical cancer screening tool is effective and suitable for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women. The aim of this review was to assess, synthesise and document published evidence relating to the available cervical cancer screening modalities for HIV-seropositive women in developing countries. This paper did not review the issue of human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccine on HIV-seropositive women.

Malaria in children under-five: A comparison of risk factors in lakeshore and highland areas, Zomba district, Malawi.

Background: In Malawi, children under the age of five living in different geographical areas may experience different malaria risk factors. We compare the risk factors of malaria experienced by children under the age of five from Zomba district, who reside in lakeshore and highland areas.

Methods: We conducted a case control study of 765 caregivers, cases being children under-five who were diagnosed with malaria, and obtained matched controls from local health facilities and communities.

Treatment of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries: a protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Cervical cancer has become the most common cancer affecting women in Africa. Significantly, 85% of these annual deaths occur in the developing world, with the majority being middle-aged women. Research has shown that in sub-Saharan Africa, cervical cancer trends are on the rise in the past two decades because of HIV and this has resulted in an increase in cervical cancer cases among young women.

Seasonal variation of malaria cases in children aged less than 5 years old following weather change in Zomba district, Malawi.

Background: Malaria is seasonal and this may influence the number of children being treated as outpatients in hospitals. The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of seasonality in malaria in lakeshore and highland areas of Zomba district Malawi, and influence of climatic factors on incidence of malaria.

Methods: Secondary data on malaria surveillance numbers and dates of treatment of children <5 years of age (n = 374,246) were extracted from the Zomba health information system for the period 2012-2016, while data on climatic variables from 2012 to 2015 were obtained from meteorological department.

Prevention of cervical cancer in HIV-seropositive women from developing countries: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Over 85% of cervical cancer cases and deaths occur in developing countries. HIV-seropositive women are more likely to develop precancerous lesions that lead to cervical cancer than HIV-negative women. However, the literature on cervical cancer prevention in seropositive women in developing countries has not been reviewed.

Determinants of moderate to vigorous physical activity and obesity in children: a structural equation modeling analysis.

Background: The determinants of physical activity (PA) and body fatness in Chinese adolescents are rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of attitude toward PA, screen time, parents' socioeconomic status (SES), and exercise habit on PA and body fatness among Chinese children by using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis.

Methods: Data obtained from the second Community Fitness Survey in Hong Kong were utilized, in which students from one secondary school of each of the 18 districts of Hong Kong were recruited.

Relationship between maternal obesity and prenatal, metabolic syndrome, obstetrical and perinatal complications of pregnancy in Indiana, 2008-2010.

Background: Obesity is a serious medical condition affecting more than 30% of Indiana, and 25% of Unites States pregnant women. Obesity is related to maternal complications, and significantly impacts the health of pregnant women. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between maternal complications and pre-pregnancy maternal weight.

Risk Factors for Low Birthweight in Zimbabwean Women: A Secondary Data Analysis.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants, and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the socio-demographic, nutritional, reproductive, medical and obstetrical risk factors for delivering a live LBW infant at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe.

Methods: A secondary data analysis from data obtained through a questionnaire and delivery records was conducted.

Heterogeneity of preterm birth subtypes in relation to neonatal death.

Objective: To investigate the heterogeneity of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and indicated preterm birth in overall and gestational-age-specific neonatal death risk.

Methods: We used 2001 U.S.

Maternal obesity and the risk of infant death in the United States.

Background: Maternal obesity (defined as prepregnancy body mass index [BMI] >or=30 kg/m) is associated with increased risk of neonatal death. Its association with infant death, postneonatal death, and cause-specific infant death is less well-characterized.

Methods: We studied the association between maternal obesity and the risk of infant death by using 1988 US National Maternal and Infant Health Survey data.

Breast and cervical cancer screening among low-income women in Nebraska: findings from the Every Woman Matters program, 1993-2004.

Objective: To examine the likelihood of enrollees in the Nebraska Every Woman Matters program being screened for breast and cervical cancer.

Methods: We explored the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and receiving cancer screening services.

Results: Older and Native American women were more likely than younger and White women to have mammograms ordered [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.

The frequency and distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Nebraska women enrolled in the WISEWOMAN screening program.

Objectives: To examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and changes in the 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in women who participated in the WISEWOMAN program in Nebraska.

Methods: Data for analysis were available for a total of 10,739 women who received CVD screening between September 2002 and December 2004. We examined the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, high body mass index (BMI), and diabetes.

Perceptions of pregnancy complications in Haiti.

Objective: To determine the incidence of perceived pregnancy complications and associated factors.

Methods: During a census, 450 women identified themselves as pregnant and 388 were interviewed postpartum.

Results: Complications were reported by 58.

Incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality and their associated factors among women delivering at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Death of an infant in utero or at birth has always been a devastating experience for the mother and of concern in clinical practice. Infant mortality remains a challenge in the care of pregnant women worldwide, but particularly for developing countries and the need to understand contributory factors is crucial for addressing appropriate perinatal health. METHODS: Using information available in obstetric records for all deliveries (17,072 births) at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe, we conducted a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of a one-year data, (1997-1998) to assess demographic and obstetric risk factors for stillbirth and early neonatal death.

Risk factors for prematurity at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe.

Background: Prematurity remains the main cause of mortality and morbidity in infants and a problem in the care of pregnant women world-wide. This preliminary study describes the socio-demographic, reproductive, medical, and obstetrical risk factors for having a live pre-term delivery (PTD) in Zimbabwe.

Methods: This case-control study examined risk factors for PTD, at Harare Maternity Hospital between March and June 1999.

Incidence of and socio-demographic risk factors for stillbirth, preterm birth and low birthweight among Zimbabwean women.

Data on birth outcomes are important for planning maternal and child health care services in developing countries. Only a few studies have examined frequency of birth outcomes in Zimbabwe, none of which has jointly examined the spectrum of poor birth outcomes across important demographic subgroups. We assessed delivery patterns and birth outcomes in 17 174 births over a one-year period from October 1997 to September 1998 at Harare Hospital, Zimbabwe.