Endothelin-1 overexpression exacerbate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorder. T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are important in MS immunopathogenesis. Level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is increased in sera of MS patients.

Human mesenchymal stem cells upregulate CD1dCD5(+) regulatory B cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background/aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes significant neurological disability. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.