Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Advanced Glycation End Products.

Clinical trials have revealed that sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors suppress the onset of heart failure and cardiovascular death in diabetic patients. On the other hand, few reports have been published concerning such effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. We undertook the present study to evaluate the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors on the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), well known as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disorders.

Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the intestinal bacterial flora in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) suppress renal glucose reabsorption and promote urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering blood glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors have been reported to reduce body weight. However, the mechanism underlying the reduction in the body weight induced by SGLT2 inhibitor treatment remains to be elucidated.

[A child case of surfer's myelopathy].

We report a case of so-called "surfer's myelopathy" involving a 15-year-old girl. Preceding episodes of vaccination and infection were absent. She experienced back pain during a surfing class for beginners, followed by weakness in both legs, which progressed to paraperesis.

[Recurrent idiopathic cerebral infarction in a 5-year-old boy, with emphasis on the importance of platelet aggregation analysis for appropriate selection of anti-platelet drugs].

We present a 5-year-old boy with recurrent idiopathic cerebral infarction in which analysis of platelet hyperaggregability was useful in choosing appropriate anti-platelet drugs. The patient presented with gait disturbance at the age of 5 years and 1 month. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple infarctions in the right thalamus and left cerebellum.

A case of accidental ingestion of a salbutamol sulfate inhalant, Venetlin®.

Pediatricians examine increasing numbers of children with bronchial asthma every year. In Japan, medical institutions can provide standardized therapies according to the Japanese Pediatric Guideline for the Treatment and Management of Asthma 2005. Inhalation therapy is highly beneficial, and a substantial proportion of patients choose to purchase inhalators and practice inhalation therapy at home.

Utility of virtual bronchoscopy in congenital tracheomalacia.

Utility of virtual bronchoscopy was evaluated in a case of congenital tracheomalacia by comparing virtual bronchoscopic images with those of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Results indicate that virtual bronchoscopy is useful in diagnosing stationary lesions. However, its diagnostic value is inferior to that of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for mobile lesions, in that virtual bronchoscopy does not permit dynamic images.

Spontaneous expectoration of bronchial foreign body: a case report.

A nine-year-old girl with mental retardation accidentally swallowed an axle of a toy car and was urgently hospitalized with the diagnosis of left bronchial foreign body. While various monitors were installed and removal of the foreign body by a ventilating rigid bronchoscope was in preparation, the patient suddenly coughed and vomited, with the foreign body found in the vomit. When examining infant cases of air way foreign body, attention tends to be focused on the diagnosis and treatment.