Realizing brain therapy with "smart medicine": mechanism and case report of molecular hydrogen inhalation for Parkinson's disease.

The Michael J. Fox Foundation has been funding research on Parkinson's disease for 35 years, but has yet to find a cure. This is due to a problem with the philosophy behind the development of modern medical treatments.

Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

While drug therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, many anticancer drugs, particularly cytotoxic and molecular-targeted drugs, cause severe side effects, which often limit the dosage of these drugs. Efforts have been made to alleviate these side effects by developing derivatives, analogues, and liposome formulations of existing anticancer drugs and by combining anticancer drugs with substances that reduce side effects. However, these approaches have not been sufficiently effective in reducing side effects.

Identification of groundwater microbes that decrease the concentration of the conservative tracer uranine.

Fluorescent dyes are commonly used as conservative groundwater tracers to track the migration of water. Over- or underestimation of important parameters such as the water flow rate can occur if the concentration of a dye is changed by unexpected reactions. Because such errors may seriously affect the results of experiments, the reactions and processes that change fluorescent dye concentrations need to be understood.

Clinical Use and Treatment Mechanism of Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Various Kidney Diseases including Diabetic Kidney Disease.

As diabetes rates surge globally, there is a corresponding rise in the number of patients suffering from diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a common complication of diabetes. DKD is a significant contributor to chronic kidney disease, often leading to end-stage renal failure. However, the effectiveness of current medical treatments for DKD leaves much to be desired.

The overlooked benefits of hydrogen-producing bacteria.

Intestinal bacteria can be classified into "beneficial bacteria" and "harmful bacteria." However, it is difficult to explain the mechanisms that make "beneficial bacteria" truly beneficial to human health. This issue can be addressed by focusing on hydrogen-producing bacteria in the intestines.

A double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial of hydrogen inhalation therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Background: Hydrogen (H) has been reported to be effective in reducing hearing loss due to several causes in animal studies. However, no study has examined the effectiveness of H in treating hearing loss in humans. Thus, we investigated whether H is effective for the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).

Conventional drug acts as a "rifle gun" while hydrogen as a "machine gun".

Most of the drugs used in modern medical treatments are symptomatic treatments and are far from being a cure for the diseases. The adverse effects are unavoidable in the drugs in modern medical treatments. Molecular hydrogen (H) has a remarkable therapeutic effect on various diseases, and many clinical studies have reported that H has no adverse effects.

Guidelines for the selection of hydrogen gas inhalers based on hydrogen explosion accidents.

Despite the fact that we have reported on the dangers of the explosion of hydrogen gas inhalers, hydrogen gas inhalers with explosive hazards are, as a matter of fact, still being sold today. In this study, we investigated past reports of hydrogen gas inhaler explosion accidents to clarify the causes of these explosion incidents. As a result of this investigation, we found that the central cause was the leakage of hydrogen gas inside the hydrogen gas inhaler.

Molecular Hydrogen as a Medical Gas for the Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Possible Efficacy Based on a Literature Review.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disorder that is characterized by fatigue that persists for more than 6 months, weakness, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. There are multiple possible etiologies for ME/CFS, among which mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in abnormal energy metabolism. The potential of many substances for the treatment of ME/CFS has been examined; however, satisfactory outcomes have not yet been achieved.

Novel Strain Induces Severe Corrosion by Retrieving Electrons from Fe under a Freshwater Environment.

Methanogens capable of accepting electrons from Fe cause severe corrosion in anoxic conditions. In previous studies, all iron-corrosive methanogenic isolates were obtained from marine environments. However, the presence of methanogens with corrosion ability using Fe as an electron donor and their contribution to corrosion in freshwater systems is unknown.

Large areal capacity all-in-one lithium-ion battery based on boron-doped silicon/carbon hybrid anode material and cellulose framework.

Si, featuring ultra-large theoretical specific capacity, is a very promising alternative to graphite for Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Si suffers from intrinsic low electrical conductivity and structural instability upon lithiation, thereby severely deteriorating its electrochemical performance. To address these issues, B-doping into Si, N-doped carbon coating layer, and carbon nanotube conductive network are combined in this work.

SnSe /FeSe Nanocubes Capsulated in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Realizing Stable Sodium-Ion Storage at Ultrahigh Rate.

Metal selenides have attracted increasing attention recently as anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their large capacities, high electric conductivity, as well as environmental benignity. However, the application of metal selenides is hindered by the huge volume variation, which causes electrode structure devastation and the consequent degrading cycling stability and rate capability. To overcome the aforementioned obstacles, herein, SnSe /FeSe nanocubes capsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon (SFS@NC) are fabricated via a facile co-precipitation method, followed by poly-dopamine wrapping and one-step selenization/carbonization procedure.

Preactivation Strategy for a Wide Temperature Range Gel Electrolyte-Based LiNiCoMnO∥Si-Graphite Battery.

The silicon-based anode has been regarded as the most competitive anode candidate for next-generation lithium-ion batteries based on its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the severe volume expansion of the anode leads to undesirable cycling performance, hindering its further application in full cells. In this work, a preactivation method is carried out in a LiNiCoMnO∥Si-graphite battery with an gel electrolyte composed of carbonate solvents, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF), β-cyanoethyl ether of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-CN), and additive lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB).

Heterojunction-Based Electron Donators to Stabilize and Activate Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Atom Dissociation and Gas Evolution.

Platinum (Pt) is the most effective bench-marked catalyst for producing renewable and clean hydrogen energy by electrochemical water splitting. There is demand for high HER catalytic activity to achieve efficient utilization and minimize the loading of Pt in catalysts. In this work, we significantly boost the HER mass activity of Pt nanoparticles in Pt /Co to 8.

Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antitumor Agent: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Gene Expression.

While many antitumor drugs have yielded unsatisfactory therapeutic results, drugs are one of the most prevalent therapeutic measures for the treatment of cancer. The development of cancer largely results from mutations in nuclear DNA, as well as from those in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Molecular hydrogen (H), an inert molecule, can scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which are known to be the strongest oxidizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body that causes these DNA mutations.

Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Protective Agent against Pre-Symptomatic Diseases.

Mibyou, or pre-symptomatic diseases, refers to state of health in which a disease is slowly developing within the body yet the symptoms are not apparent. Common examples of mibyou in modern medicine include inflammatory diseases that are caused by chronic inflammation. It is known that chronic inflammation is triggered by the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils and macrophages in the innate immune system.

Natural Self-Confined Structure Effectively Suppressing Volume Expansion toward Advanced Lithium Storage.

Volume expansion hinders conversion-type transition-metal oxides (TMOs) as potential anode candidates for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries. While nanostructuring and nanosizing have been employed to improve the cycling stability of TMOs, we show here that both high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and stable cycling reversibility are achieved in the layered compound LiNbMoO (L0.9NMO) by inherent properties of the bulk crystal structure.

Protective effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on radiation-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients: a retrospective observational study.

Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been developed as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy, reducing bone marrow damage is limited. Thus, a novel technology is needed to further mitigate IMRT-induced bone marrow damage. Molecular hydrogen (H) was recently reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant that selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO).

Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Clinically Applicable Radioprotective Agent.

Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radiation energy into DNA and by free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated in the process of water radiolysis. More specifically, radiation damage concerns not only direct damages to DNA, but also secondary damages to non-DNA targets, because low-dose radiation damage is mainly caused by these indirect effects.

Potential Therapeutic Applications of Hydrogen in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Possible Inhibiting Role on Mitochondrial Stress.

Mitochondria are the largest source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are intracellular organelles that produce large amounts of the most potent hydroxyl radical (OH). Molecular hydrogen (H) can selectively eliminate OH generated inside of the mitochondria. Inflammation is induced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages and neutrophils.

Interface Engineering of Silicon and Carbon by Forming a Graded Protective Sheath for High-Capacity and Long-Durable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, whereas its low electronic conductivity and huge volumetric expansion upon lithiation strongly influence its prospective applications. Herein, we develop a facile method to introduce a graded protective sheath onto the surface of Si nanoparticles by utilizing lignin as the carbon source and Ni(NO) as the auxiliary agent. Interestingly, the protective sheath is composed of NiSi, SiC, and C from the interior to the exterior, thereby guaranteeing excellent compatibility between the neighboring components.

Hydrogen Gas Therapy Attenuates Inflammatory Pathway Signaling in Septic Mice.

Background: Molecular hydrogen (H) has been used in clinical cases. However, there are few studies of H therapy to treat sepsis, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of H are mostly unknown. We aimed to confirm effects of H therapy on sepsis and reveal its therapeutic mechanism via RNA sequencing in multiple organs in septic mice.

Corrigendum to "Hydrogen Gas Attenuates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury via Regulation of the MAPK/HO-1/PGC-1a Pathway in Neonatal Rats".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/6978784.].

Hydrogen-rich water protects against liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through HO-1 enhancement via IL-10 and Sirt 1 signaling.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) could progress to hepatic fibrosis in the absence of effective control. The purpose of our experiment was to investigate the protective effect of drinking water with a high concentration of hydrogen, namely, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to elucidate the mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of molecular hydrogen. The choline-supplemented, l-amino acid-defined (CSAA) or the choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 20 wk was used to induce NASH and fibrosis in the mice model and simultaneously treated with the high-concentration 7-ppm HRW for different periods (4 wk, 8  wk, and 20 wk).