Increased number of mast cells in the dermis in actinic keratosis lesions effectively treated with imiquimod.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a cutaneous cancer in situ which develops as a result of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV). Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonist imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier and is effective for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers. Recently, the diagnostic role of the dermatoscope has been reported in the course of treatment of AK.

Cytological features of complex type fibroadenoma in comparison with non-complex type fibroadenoma.

Background: To determine the cytomorphological features of complex type fibroadenoma (CFA), we reviewed fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology with correlation to its histopathology findings, and compared them with non-complex type fibroadenoma (NCFA).

Methods: From excisional biopsy or resected specimens of fibroadenoma (FA) cases treated at our institution from 2004 to 2013, we chose 46 patients who underwent FNA before a diagnosis of FA was established. We histologically re-classified them into two groups: CFA and NCFA.

Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy in special types of breast cancer.

Background: Although fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is an established tool to assess breast lesions, there has been a trend toward using core needle biopsy (CNB) instead. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of FNA and CNB in special types of breast cancer.

Methods: A retrospective review of diagnostic results of pre-operatively performed FNA or CNB, or a combination of the two, was conducted.

Characteristics of the Japanese histological classification for breast cancer: correlations with imaging and cytology.

The Japanese histological classification of breast cancer is a unique classification that was published as the 2nd edition of the General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Recording of Breast Cancer in 1971. According to this classification, breast cancers are divided into three subgroups: noninvasive, invasive, and Paget's disease. Invasive carcinomas are further divided into two groups: invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and special types.

Evaluation of inadequate, indeterminate, false-negative and false-positive cases in cytological examination for breast cancer according to histological type.

Background: We previously investigated the current status of breast cytology cancer screening at seven institutes in our area of southern Fukuoka Prefecture, and found some differences in diagnostic accuracy among the institutions. In the present study, we evaluated the cases involved and noted possible reasons for their original cytological classification as inadequate, indeterminate, false-negative and false-positive according to histological type.

Methods: We evaluated the histological findings in 5693 individuals who underwent cytological examination for breast cancer (including inadequate, indeterminate, false-negative and false-positive cases), to determine the most common histological types and/or features in these settings and the usefulness/limitations of cytological examination for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Immunohistochemical study of metaplastic carcinoma and central acellular carcinoma of the breast: central acellular carcinoma is related to metaplastic carcinoma.

Metaplastic breast cancers (MBCs) [spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC)] and invasive carcinomas with central acellular zones (CACs) were analyzed with respect to biological potential by immunohistochemical analyses. Specimens from 40 patients [20 with MBCs (7 with SCC, 6 with SpCC, 5 with MPC, and 2 with mixed type)] and 20 with CACs were analyzed using antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 8, 5/6, 14, AE1/AE3, 34αE12, involucrin, c-kit, vimentin (VIM), alpha-smooth muscle actin, p63, epidermal growth factor receptor, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/HER2. Expression of CK5/6, 34βE12, VIM, nuclear p63, and cytoplasmic p63 was significantly higher with MBCs than CACs (38%/13%, 70%/43%, 85%/33%, 68%/40%, and 48%/18%, respectively).

Comparison of the accuracy of breast cytological diagnosis at seven institutions in southern Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Objective: Cytological examination is inexpensive and relatively simple to carry out and deserves utilization in breast cancer screening. We investigated the status of cytological diagnosis at seven facilities in southern Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Methods: We collected data on the criteria for cytological judgments and status of breast cytological diagnosis at seven different facilities in this region.

Evaluation of primary prostate cancer using 11C-methionine-PET/CT and 18F-FDG-PET/CT.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of (11)C-methionine (MET)-PET/CT and (18)F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG)-PET/CT to diagnose primary prostate cancer using recently developed Gemini TF PET/CT (Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH).

Methods: Twenty men who had been referred for a diagnostic work-up for prostate cancer were enrolled in this study. MET- and FDG-PET/CT by high-resolution mode were carried out on the same day prior to prostate biopsy and each maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was compared with the pathological findings.

FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer.

Background: An advantage of PET/CT has been demonstrated for diagnosis of several tumor entities. In patients with breast cancer, early diagnosis and accurate restaging of recurrence after surgery is important for selection of the most appropriate therapeutic strategy. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), for follow-up of patients with suspected recurrent breast cancer.

"High-grade" central acellular carcinoma and matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: correlation between ultrasonographic findings and pathological features.

High-grade carcinoma with a large central acellular zone (central acellular carcinoma, CAC) and matrixproducing carcinoma (MPC) are aggressive tumors that both have a central myxomatous acellular zone. Their characteristic morphology may be useful in diagnostic imaging. Ultrasonographic findings based on the Breast Imaging Recording and Data System (BI-RADS) and detailed histological features were evaluated in 11 cases of CAC and 2 cases of MPC to characterize their features.

Renal thrombotic microangiopathy associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a major complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we examined the clinical and pathologic features of 2 patients and 5 autopsy cases with HSCT-associated renal TMA to clarify the association between graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and renal TMA. The median interval between HSCT and renal biopsy or autopsy was 7 months (range 3-42 months).

Evaluation of sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically node-negative breast cancer.

Background: In patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer, diagnosed with palpation and several types of imaging examination, sentinel lymph nodes accurately predict the status of the other axillary nodes, which determine the nature of subsequent adjuvant treatment. In addition, compared with axillary lymph node dissection, sentinel-node biopsy results in less postoperative morbidity, including pain, numbness, swelling, and reduced mobility in the ipsilateral arm.

Methods: We analyzed the validity of the sentinel node biopsy procedure using dual-agent injection of blue dye and radioactive colloid performed in our hospital from May 2006 through March 2010.

Roles of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Background: There is controversy regarding which of the two biopsy methods, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB), should be routinely employed for diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of FNA compared to CNB and to explore the value of performing both FNA and CNB.

Methods: Two hundred eighty-one patients with breast cancer received FNA alone (group 1: n = 182), CNB alone (group 2: n = 56), or a combination of FNA and CNB (group 3: n = 43).

An accurate diagnosis of Noguchi classification is possible after the modification of preoperative biopsy-induced fibrosis.

Purpose: After computed-tomography-guided needle biopsy (CTNB), the lung may undergo iatrogenic fibrosis (post-CTNB fibrosis), which can be misdiagnosed as tumor-induced fibrosis. The purpose of the study was to examine if an accurate evaluation of pulmonary adenocarcinoma can be made using the Noguchi classification (type A or B vs. type C), even after CTNB.

A new reporting form for breast cytology.

The Cytology and Core Needle Biopsy Subcommittee, organized under the Rules Committee of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society, has prepared a new form for breast cytology reports. This reporting form consists of "diagnostic categories" and "recommendations." The "diagnostic category" is either "specimen inadequacy" or "specimen adequacy.

Electron microscopic findings for diagnosis of breast lesions.

The normal mammary gland can be roughly divided into the large duct close to the nipple and the terminal duct located within the lobulus. Both the large duct and the terminal duct are composed of epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. The epithelial cells can be divided into light and dark cells using electron density.

MRI of the breast: comparison of MRI signals and histological characteristics of the same slices.

The development of MRI with high spatial resolution and a special breast coil has contributed to more-accurate diagnosis of breast tumor, such as determination of morphologic characteristics including internal architecture of the breast lesion. To clarify how individual MRI findings reflect the pathological findings, we made slices of resected breast lesions identical to those obtained with axial MRI and compared them respectively according to histological subtype of tumors. In this article, we present MRI findings on the basis of histopathological evidence.

Increased nuclear localization of transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1 accompanied by up-regulation of P-glycoprotein in breast cancer pretreated with paclitaxel.

Purpose: The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) regulates expression of P-glycoprotein encoded by the MDR1 gene. There have been no previous studies regarding the involvement of YB-1 in the development of resistance to paclitaxel. The present study was done to examine how paclitaxel affects the localization and expression of YB-1 in breast cancer.

Can cytological findings predict intraductal spread of breast cancer? Histopathological case-control study.

An important predictive factor for local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy is the state of the surgical margin. In order to obtain a negative surgical margin, the present case-control study was conducted to determine whether the extent of ductal spread can be estimated from the information obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Samples from 69 cases of extensive ductal spread (EDS) in which it was thought that cancer cells had remained in the residual breast when the lumpectomy was performed with 2 cm margins, were retrieved and compared with 62 cases having almost the same clinical and pathological tumor size.

A case of unilateral gravid macromastia in 23-year-old Japanese woman associated with elevated serum CA19-9.

We report a rare case of gravid macromastia (GM) treated after delivery. A 23-year-old woman with left breast enlargement was referred to our hospital. Laboratory investigations revealed an elevated serum CA19-9 level of 200.

Recovery from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) following right hemicolectomy for mucocele of appendix.

A 61-year-old woman with a 2-year medication-free history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was referred to our hospital complaining of right lower abdominal pain. The platelet count was about 3-4x10(4)/mm3. This patient was diagnosed with mucocele of the appendix on computed tomography and colonoscopy.

[Report of cytological diagnosis: new reporting form for breast cytology].

New reporting form for breast cytology was reported. The reporting form was consisted of diagnostic category and cytological findings. Diagnostic category was classified roughly into 2 of inadequate and adequate.

Mutation of the class I beta-tubulin gene does not predict response to paclitaxel for breast cancer.

Mutation of the class I beta-tubulin gene has been reported to be one of the mechanisms that cause resistance to paclitaxel. To assess the relationship between paclitaxel-resistance and class I beta-tubulin gene mutation in breast cancer, Japanese patients with breast cancer were screened for the class I beta-tubulin gene mutation. Total RNA was isolated from 82 breast cancer specimens and the corresponding normal tissues.