Trajectories of nursing hours over the course of hospitalization and estimated additional nurse staffing requirements to reduce the length of stay.

Purpose: The aims of this study are to examine the trajectories of nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) over the course of hospitalization according to the patient's length of stay (LOS) and to estimate changes in the total nursing hours during hospitalization, average NHPPD, and the number of nurses additionally required when the LOS was reduced by 1 day.

Design: This retrospective longitudinal study analyzed patient data collected from a tertiary university hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. The study sample included 11,316 inpatients who were discharged between September 1 and October 31, 2022.

Deep learning algorithm for the automated detection and classification of nasal cavity mass in nasal endoscopic images.

Nasal endoscopy is routinely performed to distinguish the pathological types of masses. There is a lack of studies on deep learning algorithms for discriminating a wide range of endoscopic nasal cavity mass lesions. Therefore, we aimed to develop an endoscopic-examination-based deep learning model to detect and classify nasal cavity mass lesions, including nasal polyps (NPs), benign tumors, and malignant tumors.

Naturally manufactured biochar materials based sensor electrode for the electrochemical detection of polystyrene microplastics.

In recent times, microplastics have become a disturbance to both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the ingestion of these particles can have severe consequences for wildlife, aquatic organisms, and even humans. In this study, two types of biochars were manufactured through the carbonization of naturally found starfish (SF-1) and aloevera (AL-1). The produced biochars were utilized as sensing electrode materials for the electrochemical detection of ∼100 nm polystyrene microplastics (PS).

Impact assessment of a primary care physician counseling program for youth population.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of implementing a primary care physician (PCP) counseling program for the youth population with healthcare needs. This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, and was conducted at Salim Health Innovation Clinic in Seoul between February and October 2019 comprising 46 participating youths (intervention group) and 48 nonparticipating youths (control group). After 6 months of implementation, drinking (alcohol use control) decreased significantly in the intervention group (0.

Effect of Heating on Physicochemical Property of Aerosols during Vaping.

Many electronic cigarette manufacturers have offered different types of "high-end mods" that allow for controlled heating of the e-liquid. However, the controlled heating condition can drastically alter the inhaled aerosols' physical properties and chemical substances, causing potential health risks. To investigate the contribution of heating on aerosol properties, we used four common power settings in the mods to conduct a physicochemical analysis.

Biglycan reduces body weight by regulating food intake in mice and improves glucose metabolism through AMPK/AKT dual pathways in skeletal muscle.

While biglycan (BGN) is suggested to direct diverse signaling cascades, the effects of soluble BGN as a ligand on metabolic traits have not been studied. Herein, we tested the effects of BGN on obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals and glucose metabolism, with the underlying mechanism responsible for observed effects in vitro. Our results showed that BGN administration (1 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) significantly prevented HFD-induced obesity, and this was mainly attributed to reduced food intake.

The Chairside Periodontal Diagnostic Toolkit: Past, Present, and Future.

Periodontal diseases comprise a group of globally prevalent, chronic oral inflammatory conditions caused by microbial dysbiosis and the host immune response. These diseases specifically affect the tooth-supporting tissues (i.e.

Alar Lifting Technique for the Correction of Tilted Alar Base.

Background: Frequently, a tilted alar base characterized by a discrepant level of the nostril sill and alar insertion on both sides is encountered in patients seeking rhinoplasty. Herein, we report our surgical technique and outcome of alar lifting technique for correcting tilted alar base.

Methods: The medical records of 18 patients with alar base asymmetry who underwent rhinoplasty using the alar lift technique between January 2014 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Using magnetic resonance imaging to measure the depth of acupotomy points in the lumbar spine: A retrospective study.

Background: The acupotomy is an acupuncture device recently used to stimulate lumbar vertebrae such as transverse processes (TPs) and facet joints (FJs). However, there are many organs, nerves, and blood vessels, which can lead to side effects if the needle misses the treatment target. Therefore, information regarding appropriate insertion depths, which is currently lacking, could facilitate its safe use.

Naloxone-induced analgesia mediated by central kappa opioid system in chronic inflammatory pain.

Opioids, which are widely used for the treatment of chronic pain, have an analgesic effect by mainly activating mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Paradoxically, a high dose of naloxone, non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, is also known to induce analgesia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Since kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) and dynorphin (KOR ligand) have been implicated in the naloxone-induced analgesia, we aimed to elucidate its mechanism by focusing on the kappa-opioid system in the brain under inflammatory pain condition.

Enhancement of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells by making uniform spheroid on the new nano-patterned plates.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions; thus, several MSC products have been applied as cell therapy in clinical trials worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC spheroids have superior anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions to a single cell suspension. Current methods to prepare MSC spheroids include hanging drop, concave microwell aggregation, spinner flask, and gravity circulation.

Comparison of allergens and symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis between 1990s and 2010s.

Background: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), an environment- and lifestyle-dependent condition, has been constantly increasing in Korea. Although the environment and lifestyle of the Korean people have recently undergone rapid changes, corresponding changes in the characteristics of AR patients have not been well documented. Therefore, we aimed to outline the changes in allergens and clinical manifestations of AR in Korean patients from the 1990s and 2010s.

Effect of chitinase-3-like protein 1 on glucose metabolism: In vitro skeletal muscle and human genetic association study.

We investigated the effect of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) on glucose metabolism and its underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells, and evaluated whether the observed effects are relevant in humans. CHI3L1 was associated with increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscles in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, and with increased intracellular calcium levels via PAR2. The improvement in glucose metabolism observed in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test on male C57BL/6J mice supported this association.

Development of a Dental Implantable Temperature Sensor for Real-Time Diagnosis of Infectious Disease.

Implantable sensors capable of real-time measurements are powerful tools to diagnose disease and maintain health by providing continuous or regular biometric monitoring. In this paper, we present a dental implantable temperature sensor that can send early warning signals in real time before the implant fails. Using a microfabrication process on a flexible polyimide film, we successfully fabricated a multi-channel temperature sensor that can be wrapped around a dental implant abutment wing.

Mono-Unit Alar Rim Graft Technique for Tip-Alar Margin Support.

Background: The appropriate treatment of alar rim deformities, such as alar pinching or concavity, and soft triangle notching is essential for perfecting nasal aesthetics.

Objectives: The authors introduced the "mono-unit alar rim graft" technique as a treatment option for these abnormalities.

Methods: A case series of 29 rhinoplasties conducted by the senior author between May 2017 and June 2019 utilizing the mono-unit alar rim graft technique was retrospectively reviewed.

Centering a Deviated Nose by Caudal Septal Extension Graft and Unilaterally Extended Spreader Grafts.

Objective: The deviated nose presents a tremendous challenge for rhinoplasty surgeons, especially the correction of the cartilaginous dorsum deviation. In this study, we introduce the surgical techniques of correcting a deviated cartilaginous vault by creating a new center of the lower third using a caudal septal extension graft combined with unilaterally extended spreader grafts.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in a university-based tertiary medical center from December 2014 to January 2018.

Metformin overcomes resistance to cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells by targeting RAD51.

Background: Chemotherapy is a standard therapeutic regimen to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, chemotherapy alone does not result in significant improvement and often leads to drug resistance in patients. In contrast, combination therapy has proven to be an effective strategy for TNBC treatment. Whether metformin enhances the anticancer effects of cisplatin and prevents cisplatin resistance in TNBC cells has not been reported.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Modulates Glucose Metabolism by Targeting AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Pathway.

EPA, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, exerts beneficial effects on human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EPA function are poorly understood. The object was to illuminate molecular mechanism underlying EPA's role.

Caudal Septal Division and Interposition Batten Graft: A Novel Technique to Correct Caudal Septal Deviation in Septoplasty.

Background: Correction of caudal septal deviation is a challenging task that may require multiple surgical approaches.

Objective: To introduce a novel technique - caudal septal division and interposition batten graft - and evaluate its surgical outcomes in patients undergoing correction of caudal septal deviation.

Method: The surgical procedure includes a division of the deviated caudal L-strut preserved after resection of the deviated quadrangular septal cartilage at the central portion.

LIF, a Novel Myokine, Protects Against Amyloid-Beta-Induced Neurotoxicity via Akt-Mediated Autophagy Signaling in Hippocampal Cells.

Background: Leukemia inhibitory factor, a novel myokine, is known to be associated with neural function, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Methods: HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells, primary hippocampal cells, and Drosophila Alzheimer's disease model were used to determine the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on neurons. Immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence method were used to analyze biological mechanism.

Recurrence patterns of sinonasal cancers after a 5-year disease-free period.

Objectives/hypothesis: Sinonasal cancers are rare but have a poor prognosis. Most previous studies of these cancers have focused on 5-year disease-free survival, but recurrences are also known to occur after this period. We examined the post-5-year recurrence patterns in sinonasal cancer patients by histologic type to determine the indicators for extended and close follow-up requirements.

Cariogenic potential of sweet flavors in electronic-cigarette liquids.

Background: Most electronic-cigarette liquids contain propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine and a wide variety of flavors of which many are sweet. Sweet flavors are classified as saccharides, esters, acids or aldehydes. This study investigates changes in cariogenic potential when tooth surfaces are exposed to e-cigarette aerosols generated from well-characterized reference e-liquids with sweet flavors.

Failure of Synthetic Implants: Strategies and Management.

Dorsal augmentation with synthetic implants is the most commonly performed rhinoplasty procedure, especially in the East-Asian region. However, as in all other surgical procedures, complications are inevitable. Complications that need to be managed surgically include displacement, deviation, suboptimal aesthetic outcome, extrusion, inflammation, infection, and changes in skin quality.