Effect of chlorhexidine pretreatment on bacterial contamination at rhinoplasty field.

Background: This study investigated on bacterial contamination of the rhinoplasty field. The effect of preoperative chlorhexidine treatment on decreasing bacterial contamination in the rhinoplasty field is examined.

Methods: Thirty patients who underwent rhinoplasty were block randomized into a chlorhexidine, regular-soap, or control group comprising ten participants each.

Association between volume and glucose metabolism of abdominal adipose tissue in healthy population.

Objective: We investigated the association of adipose tissue volume and metabolic activity with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: 232 healthy subjects (43.23±4.

Bacterial analysis by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry on amorphous silicon.

Lipid profiling in nine bacterial species has been accomplished by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) using amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film with 100 nm thickness. Lipid ions could be generated by LDI on a-Si regardless of ion acquisition modes because of a thermal property of a-Si to govern laser-induced surface heating. In a comparative study of lipid profiling in Bacillus lichemiformis by LDI-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), LDI-MS on a-Si shows a higher efficiency in lipid and lipopeptide detection than MALDI-MS.

Kalirin, a GEF for Rac1, plays an important role in FSTL-1-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.

Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL-1) is a novel myokine; however, little is known about its metabolic role. Here, FSTL-1 stimulated glucose uptake in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. FSTL-1 increased intracellular calcium concentration.

Ultrafast Method for Selective Design of Graphene Quantum Dots with Highly Efficient Blue Emission.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attractive properties and potential applications. However, their various applications are limited by a current synthetic method which requires long processing time. Here, we report a facile and remarkably rapid method for production of GQDs exhibiting excellent optoelectronic properties.

Reappraisal Modulates Attentional Bias to Angry Faces.

Heightened attentional bias to emotional information is one of the main characteristics of disorders related to emotion dysregulation such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Although reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, is known to effectively modulate subjective experience of emotions, it remains unknown whether reappraisal can alter attentional biases to emotional information. In the current research, we investigated the influence of instruction-induced state reappraisal (Study 1) and trait reappraisal (Study 2) on attentional biases to happy and angry faces.

Surgical outcomes of middle fossa approach in intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma.

Conclusion: Middle fossa approach (MFA) shows a hearing preservation rate of 86% and facial nerve function was preserved with HB grade I or II in 93%. MFA is a good treatment option for intra-canalicular vestibular schwannomas when surgical excision is needed.

Background: Surgical outcomes of vestibular schwannoma have progressively improved with the advancement of microsurgical instruments.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection and Pneumonia and among Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness during 2011-2014 Influenza Seasons in Korea.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends the surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) to respond effectively to both seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics. In Korea, the "Hospital-based Influenza Morbidity and Mortality (HIMM)" surveillance system has been operated to monitor ILI and SARI occurrences.

Materials And Methods: A multi-center prospective observational study was conducted.

Tree-structured survival analysis of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: A multicenter observational cohort study.

This study aimed to construct a prediction algorithm, which is readily applicable in the clinical setting, to determine the mortality rate for patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia. A multicenter observational cohort study was performed retrospectively in seven university-affiliated hospitals in Korea from March 2012 to February 2015.

The multi-target drug BAI induces apoptosis in various human cancer cells through modulation of Bcl-xL protein.

Previous studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of the newly developed cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor BAI in various cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of the cellular effects induced by BAI have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins in BAI-induced apoptosis of cancer cells.

Determination of the appropriate sizes of oropharyngeal airways in adults: correlation with external facial measurements: A randomised crossover study.

Background: Two external facial measurements have been recommended as reference criteria for estimating appropriate oropharyngeal airway sizes: the distances between the maxillary incisors to the angle of the mandible, and that from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the mandible.

Objective: To compare the two guidelines and to determine the optimal external facial measurements for the selection of an appropriately sized airway in adults.

Design: Randomised crossover study.

Methotrexate elimination and toxicity: MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism in patients with primary CNS lymphoma treated with high-dose methotrexate.

The genetic association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism with methotrexate (MTX)-associated toxicity has been evaluated and conflicting results have been reported. The substantial heterogeneity of the studied population was suggested to be a possible explanation because ethnicity, MTX dose, coadministered chemotherapeutic agents, and folinate rescue dosage regimen could alter the MTX toxicity profile. The patient population was homogenized by limiting the cancer type to primary central nervous system lymphoma and chemotherapy protocol to a high-dose MTX monotherapy regimen.

Vascular enhancement pattern of mass in computed tomography may predict chemo-responsiveness in advanced pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Chemo-responsiveness in pancreatic cancer is known to be dependent on fibrosis and vascularity. The purpose of this study was to assess vascular enhancement in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma with or without liver metastasis in computed tomography (CT) and to analyze the correlation between enhancement patterns and chemo-responsiveness.

Methods: Patients were assigned to either a responder group (partial response or stable disease) or a non-responder group (progressive disease) according to chemo-responsiveness assessed by CT before and after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

Caffeic acid, morin hydrate and quercetin partially attenuate sulfur mustard-induced cell death by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating agent, which has been used as in chemical warfare in a number of conflicts. As the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adducts in DNA and proteins have been suggested as the mechanism underlying SM‑induced cytotoxicity, the present study screened several antioxidant candidates, including tannic acid, deferoxamine mesylate, trolox, vitamin C, ellagic acid and caffeic acid (CA) to assess their potential as therapeutic agents for SM‑induced cell death. Among several antioxidants, CA partially alleviated SM‑induced cell death in a dose‑dependent manner.

Effects of Additional Acid Etching on the Dentin Bond Strengths of One-Step Self-Etch Adhesives Applied to Primary Teeth.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths of one-step self-etch adhesives applied to primary tooth dentin with and without additional acid etching.

Materials And Methods: In total, 154 specimens were prepared using 50 naturally exfoliated primary molars. Four commercial one-step self-etch adhesives were used in this study: Scotchbond™ Universal, All-Bond Universal™, Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™, and Clearfil S3 Bond™.

Age at menarche in Korean adolescents: trends and influencing factors.

Background: An increased incidence of central precocious puberty has been recently reported in South Korea, which suggests an ongoing downward trend in pubertal development in the Korean population. We aimed to verify the trend in age at menarche in young Korean women during the last decade and associated factors.

Methods: We analyzed a population-based sample of 3409 Korean girls, aged 10-18 years, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) II (2001), III (2005), IV (2007-2009), and V (2010 and 2011).

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Korean Patients with Acute Infections.

Background: For more effective and safer usage of antibiotics, the dosing strategy should be individualized based on the patients' characteristics, including race. The aim of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of piperacillin and tazobactam in Korean patients with acute infections.

Materials And Methods: At least four consecutive 2/0.

Multigenerational effects of gold nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans: Continuous versus intermittent exposures.

Nanomaterials can become disseminated directly or indirectly into the soil ecosystem through various exposure routes. Thus, it is important to study various deposition routes of nanomaterials into the soil, as well as their toxicities. Here, we investigated the multigenerational effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on C.

Maternal and Placental Factors Associated with Congenital Hearing Loss in Very Preterm Neonates.

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a multifactorial disease that more frequently affects preterm newborns. Although a number of maternal conditions have been reported to be associated with preterm birth, little information is available concerning maternal risk factors for the development of SNHL. We aimed to identify maternal and placental risk factors associated with a "refer" result on the newborn hearing screening (NHS) test and subsequently confirmed SNHL in very preterm neonates.

Association between Type A blaZ Gene Polymorphism and Cefazolin Inoculum Effect in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

Some proportion of type A blaZ gene-positive methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibit the cefazolin inoculum effect (CIE). The type A blaZ gene was divided into two groups by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at Ser226Pro and Cys229Tyr. The median cefazolin MICs at a high inoculum concentration were 5.

A Survey of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Korea, 2015.

The study was conducted to evaluate the Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) in Korean hospitals compared with the previous two surveys in 2006 and 2012. The information on ASPs was collected through an online-based survey sent by e-mail to 192 infectious diseases specialists in 101 Korean hospitals in September 2015. Fifty-four hospitals (53.

Preventing large birth size in women with preexisting diabetes mellitus: The benefit of appropriate gestational weight gain.

Objective: To estimate the percentage of infants with large birth size attributable to excess gestational weight gain (GWG), independent of prepregnancy body mass index, among mothers with preexisting diabetes mellitus (PDM).

Study Design: We analyzed 2004-2008 Florida linked birth certificate and maternal hospital discharge data of live, term (37-41weeks) singleton deliveries (N=641,857). We calculated prevalence of large-for-gestational age (LGA) (birth weight-for-gestational age≥90th percentile) and macrosomia (birth weight>4500g) by GWG categories (inadequate, appropriate, or excess).