Oral administration of cone essential oil reduces rumen methane emission by altering the rumen microbial composition and functions in Korean native goat ().

This study aimed to investigate cone essential oil (PEO) as a methane (CH) inhibitor and determine its impact on the taxonomic and functional characteristics of the rumen microbiota in goats. A total of 10 growing Korean native goats (, 29.9 ± 1.

Blood and milk metabolites of Holstein dairy cattle for the development of objective indicators of a subacute ruminal acidosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios.

Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine.

Red seaweed extracts reduce methane production by altering rumen fermentation and microbial composition .

A series of batch culture incubations were carried out to investigate changes in rumen fermentation characteristics, methane (CH) production, and microbial composition in response to supplementation with five different red seaweed species (, AANC; , ATAX; , CTEN; , GELL; and , GPAR). Prior to the incubations, the total flavonoid and polyphenol content of the red seaweed extracts was quantified. The incubated substrate consisted of timothy hay and corn grain [60:40 dry matter (DM) basis].

Metabolomic and transcriptomic study to understand changes in metabolic and immune responses in steers under heat stress.

Heat stress (HS) damages livestock by adversely affecting physiological and immunological functions. However, fundamental understanding of the metabolic and immunological mechanisms in animals under HS remains elusive, particularly in steers. To understand the changes on metabolic and immune responses in steers under HS condition, we performed RNA-sequencing and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics on HS-free (THI value: 64.

Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Objective: In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated.

Methods: Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows.

Dose-Response Effects of Bamboo Leaves on Rumen Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and Microbial Abundance In Vitro.

Ruminants produce large amounts of methane as part of their normal digestive processes. Recently, feed additives were shown to inhibit the microorganisms that produce methane in the rumen, consequently reducing methane emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of var.

Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Ketosis is associated with high milk yield during lactating or insufficient feed intake in lactating dairy cows. However, few studies have been conducted on the metabolomics of ketosis in Korean lactating dairy cows. The present study aimed to investigate the serum and urine metabolites profiling of lactating dairy cows through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy and comparing those between healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) groups.

Effects of seaweed extracts on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production, and microbial abundance.

Several seaweed extracts have been reported to have potential antimethanogenic effects in ruminants. In this study, the effect of three brown seaweed species (Undaria pinnatifida, UPIN; Sargassum fusiforme, SFUS; and Sargassum fulvellum, SFUL) on rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas, methane (CH), carbon dioxide (CO) production, and microbial populations were investigated using an in vitro batch culture system. Seaweed extract and its metabolites, total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were identified and compared.

Effects of Olive ( L.) Leaves with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission.

We evaluated whether olive leaves (OLs) are effective as feed additives and supplements for ruminants and the potential methane reduction effects during in vitro fermentation. Two Hanwoo cows (460 ± 20 kg) equipped with cannula were fed Timothy hay and corn-based feed 3% of the body weight at a ratio of 6:4 (8:30 a.m.

Dynamic changes in blood immune cell composition and function in Holstein and Jersey steers in response to heat stress.

Heat stress has detrimental effects on livestock via diverse immune and physiological changes; heat-stressed animals are rendered susceptible to diverse diseases. However, there is relatively little information available regarding the altered immune responses of domestic animals in heat stress environments, particularly in cattle steers. This study aimed to determine the changes in the immune responses of Holstein and Jersey steers under heat stress.

In Vitro Screening of East Asian Plant Extracts for Potential Use in Reducing Ruminal Methane Production.

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic residues in animal products; thus, plant compounds may be better alternative sources for mitigating methane (CH) production. An in vitro screening experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential application of 152 dry methanolic or ethanolic extracts from 137 plant species distributed in East Asian countries as anti-methanogenic additives in ruminant feed. The experimental material consisted of 200 mg total mixed ration, 20 mg plant extract, and 30 mL diluted ruminal fluid-buffer mixture in 60 mL serum bottles that were sealed with rubber stoppers and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h.

Metabolomics comparison of serum and urine in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine.

Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube.

Central and peripheral GLP-1 systems independently suppress eating.

The anorexigenic peptide glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted from gut enteroendocrine cells and brain preproglucagon (PPG) neurons, which, respectively, define the peripheral and central GLP-1 systems. PPG neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) are widely assumed to link the peripheral and central GLP-1 systems in a unified gut-brain satiation circuit. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking, and the necessary circuitry remains to be demonstrated.

Exploration of metabolite profiles in the biofluids of dairy cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Studies that screen for metabolites produced in ruminants are actively underway. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic profiles of five biofluids (ruminal fluid, serum, milk, urine, and feces) in dairy cow by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and provide a list of metabolites in each biofluid for the benefit of future research. We analyzed the metabolites in five biofluids from lactating cows using proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; 96, 73, 88, 118, and 128 metabolites were identified in the five biofluids, respectively.

New challenges for efficient usage of Sargassum fusiforme for ruminant production.

Sargassum fusiforme, which is a type of brown algae, can provide fiber and minerals to ruminant diets. In this study, dried S. fusiforme was tested in vitro at four different doses 1, 3, 5, and 10% of the total ration for its effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics, and gas profiles when incubated for 72 h.

Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from and Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation.

This study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of terpene-based and extracts, with antioxidant and methane reduction effects, as feed supplements to ruminants. Two cannulated steers (450 ± 30 kg), consuming Timothy Hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, ) twice daily (at 09:00 and 17:30) at 2% of body weight, with free access to water and a mineral block, were used as rumen fluid donors. fermentation experiments, with Timothy Hay as the substrate, were conducted with and extracts as supplements to achieve concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 mg/L on a Timothy Hay basis.

Effects of supplementation levels of L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission.

Background: Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L.

Metabolomics Comparison of Hanwoo () Biofluids Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic profiles of rumen fluid, serum, and urine from Hanwoo (), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy. In all, 189, 110, and 188 metabolites were identified in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, and 107, 49, and 99 were quantified, respectively. Organic acids, carbohydrates, and aliphatic acyclic compound metabolites were present at the highest concentrations in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively.

Metabolomics comparison of rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Objective: The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk.

Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study.

Embolization of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation: A case report.

Background: Pancreatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare disease with a number of different reported treatment methods, but there are as yet no established or definite treatments for the disease.

Case Summary: A 43-year-old man visited the hospital due to periumbilical pain. The patient underwent imaging study and laboratory testing for evaluation of cause.

Blunted Vagal Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Promotes Hyperphagia and Weight Gain.

The vagus nerve conveys gastrointestinal cues to the brain to control eating behavior. In obesity, vagally mediated gut-brain signaling is disrupted. Here, we show that the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide synthesized proportional to the food consumed in vagal afferent neurons (VANs) of chow-fed rats.

Impact of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis, and microbial populations.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of E. stolonifera extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations.

Methods: Cannulated Holstein cows (450 ± 30 kg) consuming timothy hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) at 2% of body weight with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors.

Endovascular management in immature arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis.

To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of endovascular management in immature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis.From April 2007 to September 2017, 54 patients (male:female = 31:23, mean age 65.63 years, range 33-90 years) who underwent endovascular management for the salvage of immature AVF were retrospectively reviewed.

Coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of duodenal varix.

Duodenal variceal bleeding is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic therapy is usually the initial treatment option for bleeding duodenal varices, but it is not always feasible or successful. We present a technique of coil-assisted retrograde transvenous obliteration in a patient with duodenal varices originating from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein and draining into the right ovarian vein.

Lixisenatide requires a functional gut-vagus nerve-brain axis to trigger insulin secretion in controls and type 2 diabetic mice.

Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion through both direct β-cell-dependent and indirect gut-brain axis-dependent pathways. However, little is known about the mode of action of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide. We studied the effects of lixisenatide (intraperitoneal injection) on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, vagus nerve activity, and brain c-Fos activation in naive, chronically vagotomized, GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO), high-fat diet-fed diabetic mice, or db/db mice.