The antimalarial activity of transdermal N-89 mediated by inhibiting ERC gene expression in P. Berghei-infected mice.

Through studies of new antimalarial drugs, we identified 1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro[7.11]nonadecane (N-89) as a potential drug candidate. Here, we analyzed the antimalarial action of a transdermal formulation (td) of N-89, designed for easy use by children, using Plasmodium berghei-infected mice as a model for malaria patients.

Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in children and genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in Kolkata, West Bengal after introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Background: Despite global rotavirus vaccination efforts, rotavirus remains a leading cause of childhood deaths from acute gastroenteritis. Post-vaccination studies in India, particularly in eastern India, have been limited, despite high prevalence of rotavirus in this region prior to vaccine introduction. This study was conducted to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine on the epidemiology of rotavirus and other enteric viruses, as well as the changes in the diversity of rotavirus strains among children (≤5 years) with acute gastroenteritis.

A newly developed oral infection mouse model of shigellosis for immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies of a candidate vaccine.

infection poses a significant public health challenge in the developing world. However, lack of a widely available mouse model that replicates human shigellosis creates a major bottleneck to better understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of newer drugs and vaccines. BALB/c mice pre-treated with streptomycin and iron (FeCl) plus desferrioxamine intraperitoneally followed by oral infection with virulent resulted in diarrhea, loss of body weight, bacterial colonization and progressive colitis characterized by disruption of epithelial lining, loss of crypt architecture with goblet cell depletion, increased polymorphonuclear infiltration into the mucosa, submucosal swelling (edema), and raised proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the large intestine.

Genomic epidemiology and genetic characteristics of clinical species cocirculating in West Bengal, India, 2019, using whole genome analysis.

species are the most common pathogens responsible for foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. India is a region with frequent diarrheal infections and a high level of infection incidence, but the detailed genomic information is limited. This study aimed to characterize 112 isolates of from diarrhea patients at two hospitals in Kolkata, West Bengal, by whole genome analysis.

Rotavirus rewires host cell metabolic pathways toward glutamine catabolism for effective virus infection.

Rotavirus (RV) accounts for 19.11% of global diarrheal deaths. Though GAVI assisted vaccine introduction has curtailed RV induced mortality, factors like RV strain diversity, differential infantile gut microbiome, malnutrition, interference from maternal antibodies and other administered vaccines, etc.

Non-cholera Vibrio infections in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We reviewed and analyzed the existing data on vibriosis in Southeast Asia to better understand its burden and prevalent causal agents. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for studies published between January 2000 and April 2024. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled isolation rate of non-cholera Vibrio species.

Trivalent outer membrane vesicles-based combination vaccine candidate induces protective immunity against Campylobacter and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in adult mice.

Campylobacter and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) are among the most common causative agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. As of now, no single combination licensed vaccine is available for public health use against both iNTS and Campylobacter species. Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale proteoliposomes released from the surface of gram-negative bacteria during log phase and harbor a variety of immunogenic proteins.

Overexpression of diglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase leads to daptomycin resistance in .

The lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by forming a complex with phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and lipid II in the cell membrane, causing membrane perforation. With the emergence of daptomycin-resistant bacteria, understanding the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to daptomycin has gained great importance. In this study, we aimed to identify the genetic factors contributing to daptomycin resistance in , a model Gram-positive bacterium.

Mobile genetic elements associated with utilization of dichloromethane and methanol as energy sources in Cupriavidus metallidurans.

Cupriavidus metallidurans strain PD11 isolated from laboratory waste drainage can use C1 compounds, such as dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol, as a sole carbon and energy source. However, strain CH34 (a type-strain) cannot grow in the medium supplemented with DCM. In the present study, we aimed to unravel the genetic elements underlying the utilization of C1 compounds by strain PD11.

Isolation of and from Estuarine Waters, and Genotyping of Isolates Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

Bacteria in the genus are ubiquitous in estuarine and coastal waters. Some species (including and are known human pathogens causing ailments like cholera, diarrhea, or septicemia. Notably, can also cause a severe systemic infection (known as vibriosis) in eels raised in aquaculture facilities.

Rapid diagnostic tests and loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the detection of Shigella species: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We meta-analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (dipsticks) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect Shigella species. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to 2023 for studies reporting on the performance of Shigella dipstick and LAMP tests compared with culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our search identified 2618 studies, of which fourteen met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review.

Effect of physicochemical and microbiological factors on the development of viable but non-culturable and resuscitation states of Vibrio cholerae.

Background: Vibrio cholerae can endure harsh environmental conditions by transitioning into viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form and resuscitate upon return of appropriate conditions.

Method: In this study, we assessed the impact of physicochemical and microbiological factors, on the development of low temperature-induced VBNC state and subsequent recovery by temperature upshift.

Results: In estuarine water, Vibrio cholerae exhibits a slower decline in culturability over a period of 77 days as compared to 10 days in fresh water.

Prevalence and changing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata during 2011-2019.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serogroups isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011-2019.

Principal Findings: During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.

Intranasal immunization of mice with chimera of Salmonella Typhi protein elicits protective intestinal immunity.

Development of safe, highly effective and affordable enteric fever vaccines is a global health priority. Live, oral typhoid vaccines induce strong mucosal immunity and long-term protection, but safety remains a concern. In contrast, efficacy wears off rapidly for injectable, polysaccharide-based vaccines, which elicit poor mucosal response.

Vibriosis in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: South Asia remains home to foodborne diseases caused by the Vibrio species. We aimed to compile and update information on the epidemiology of vibriosis in South Asia.

Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for studies related to vibriosis in South Asia published up to May 2023.

A candidate glycoconjugate vaccine induces protective antibodies in the serum and intestinal secretions, antibody recall response and memory T cells and protects against both typhoidal and non-typhoidal serovars.

Human infections pose significant public health challenges globally, primarily due to low diagnostic yield of systemic infections, emerging and expanding antibiotic resistance of both the typhoidal and non-typhoidal strains and the development of asymptomatic carrier state that functions as a reservoir of infection in the community. The limited long-term efficacy of the currently licensed typhoid vaccines, especially in smaller children and non-availability of vaccines against other serovars necessitate active research towards developing a multivalent vaccine with wider coverage of protection against pathogenic serovars. We had earlier reported immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a subunit vaccine containing a recombinant outer membrane protein (T2544) of Typhi in a mouse model.

Comprehensive full genome analysis of norovirus strains from eastern India, 2017-2021.

Background: Worldwide, noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in people of all age groups. In India, norovirus rates between 1.4 to 44.

Foodborne Outbreak by Serovar Weltevreden in West Bengal, India.

Foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks owing to serovar Weltevreden ( Weltevreden) represent a significant global public health problem. In the past two decades, Weltevreden has emerged as a dominant foodborne pathogen, especially in South-East Asian countries. This report describes a community foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Weltevreden in August 2022 following consumption of panipuri from a street vendor in the Polba block in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India.

The basic reproduction number (R) of ebola virus disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ebola virus disease (Ebola) is highly pathogenic, transmissible, and often deadly, with debilitating consequences. Superspreading within a cluster is also possible. In this study, we aim to document Ebola basic reproduction number (R): the average number of new cases associated with an Ebola case in a completely susceptible population.

Complete genomic sequence of strain IDH5335 isolated from a patient with diarrhea in Kolkata, India.

We isolated a strain (IDH5335) from a stool sample collected from a patient with diarrhea. In this announcement, we report the complete genomic sequence of this organism, which was obtained by combining Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing data.

Flavobacterium okayamense sp. nov. isolated from surface seawater.

Strain KK2020170, a Gram-stain negative, yellow colony-forming bacterium, was isolated from surface seawater sampled in Kojima Bay, Okayama, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain KK2020170 belongs to the genus Flavobacterium, with Flavobacterium haoranii LQY-7 (98.1% similarity) being its closest relative, followed by Flavobacterium sediminis MEBiC07310 (96.

Pentavalent outer membrane vesicles immunized mice sera confers passive protection against five prevalent pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in neonatal mice.

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are one of the major causative agents of diarrhoea induced childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Licensed vaccines providing broad spectrum protection against DEC mediated infections are not available. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are microvesicles released by gram-negative bacteria during the growth phase and contain multiple immunogenic proteins.