Ten-Year Outcomes of a Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial (SHIP0804) With 3-Month Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Prior to I-Seed Transperineal Prostate Brachytherapy Followed by Nil Versus 9-Month Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Patients With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the effects of adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) on time to event after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and I-transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB), compared with neoadjuvant ADT and TPPB only, in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IRPC).

Methods And Materials: In this multicenter, open-label, phase 3 randomized controlled trial (SHIP0804), 421 patients with IRPC were randomly assigned to either 9-month AHT (AHT arm) or no AHT (non-AHT arm) after 3 months of neoadjuvant ADT and TPPB. The primary endpoint was biochemical progression-free survival, and secondary endpoints included overall survival and clinical progression-free survival.

Long-term outcomes of the first prospective study of active surveillance for prostate cancer in Japan.

Background: Active surveillance for prostate cancer was initiated in the early 2000s. We assessed the long-term outcomes of active surveillance in Japan.

Methods: This multicenter prospective observational cohort study enrolled men aged 50-80 years with stage cT1cN0M0 prostate cancer in 2002 and 2003.

Cytoplasmic Androgen Receptor, CD24 Expression and Smoking Intensity to Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Invasiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To the best of our knowledge, Androgen receptor (AR) and cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not yet been reported in our population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of both markers in UCB using immunohistochemistry.

Materials And Methods: Data from 60 patients with UCB were obtained between 2009 and 2018.

Trimodality Therapy With Iodine-125 Brachytherapy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, and Short- or Long-Term Androgen Deprivation Therapy for High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Results of a Multicenter, Randomized Phase 3 Trial (TRIP/TRIGU0907).

Purpose: This phase 3 randomized investigation was designed to determine whether 30 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was superior to 6 months of ADT when combined with brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for localized high-risk prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: This study was conducted at 37 hospitals on men aged 40 to 79 years, with stage T2c-3a, prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL, or Gleason score >7, who received 6 months of ADT combined with iodine-125 brachytherapy followed by EBRT. After stratification, patients were randomly assigned to either no further treatment (short arm) or 24 months of adjuvant ADT (long arm).

pT1 Subclassification Predicts Progression-Free Survival in En Bloc Resection of Bladder Tumor Specimens.

Context: The pathologic diagnosis of pT1 substage in conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor specimens is inaccurate and has low interobserver reproducibility owing to fragmentation and cauterization of the specimens. En bloc resection of bladder tumor is a novel surgical procedure that improves diagnostic feasibility and accuracy in the pathologic diagnosis of bladder cancer, including depth and extent of invasion.

Objective: To examine the prognostic value of multiple pT1 subclassification methods, using only en bloc resection specimens.

Osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles exert osteoblastic and tumor-suppressive functions via SERPINA3 and LCN2 in prostate cancer.

Clinically, the osteolytic phenotype is rare in prostate cancer (PCa), and the prognosis is generally worse than that of the osteoblastic phenotype. Osteoblastic prostate cancer (BPCa) is a major type of bone metastasis. Several factors responsible for osteogenesis have been identified, but the molecular mechanism of osteoblastic bone metastasis in PCa is not fully understood.

Metastatic prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteoclastogenesis by transferring the CDCP1 protein.

Bone metastases are still incurable and result in the development of clinical complications and decreased survival for prostate cancer patients. Recently, a number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumour progression. Here, we show that EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast formation in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).

The highest percentage of Gleason Pattern 4 is a predictor in intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Objectives: This study aims to clarify the clinicopathological significance of several novel pathological markers, including the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 and small/non-small cribriform pattern, in intermediate-risk Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer.

Subjects And Methods: Two-hundred and twenty-eight patients with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 intermediate-risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2009 and 2019 at our institute were selected. Preoperative clinicopathological characteristics, including serum prostate-specific antigen level, clinical T stage, percentage of cancer-positive cores at biopsy, small/non-small cribriform pattern, the highest percentage of Gleason pattern 4, the total length of Gleason pattern 4 and percentage of Gleason score 7 cores were examined in univariate/multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine their predictive value for postoperative adverse pathological findings, defined as an upgrade to Gleason score 4 + 3 = 7 or higher, pN1 or pT3b disease.

[A Case of Metastatic Ureteral Cancer Treated with Pembrolizumab without Relapse of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis].

A 77-year-old man complaining of gross hematuria was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. The contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a left ureteral tumor, multiple bladder tumors, para-aortic lymph node metastasis, left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, multiple liver metastases, and multiple lung metastases. Transurethral resection was performed.

A Phase II Trial of Abiraterone With Dutasteride for Second-Generation Antiandrogen- and Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

The development of a novel therapy to overcome primary and acquired resistance to abiraterone is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride to abiraterone, explore proof of concept, and identify candidates suitable for combination therapy. This phase II, single-arm, and open-label study enrolled second-generation antiandrogen- and chemotherapy-naïve patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Iatrogenic ureteric injury during abdominal or pelvic surgery: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the incidence of ureteric injuries, clinical value of prophylactic ureteric stenting and impact of intra- or postoperative detection of ureteric injuries in patients treated with gynaecological or colorectal surgery.

Methods: Multiple databases were searched for articles published before September 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they evaluated the differences in the rate of ureteric injuries between laparoscopic and open surgery, prophylactic ureteric stenting or not, and those of final treatment success between intra- and postoperative detection in patients who underwent gynaecological or colorectal surgery.

Long-term outcomes of radical prostatectomy versus low-dose-rate brachytherapy in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer: Propensity score matched comparison.

Purpose: To compare long-term outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) and low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) using propensity score-matched analysis in patients with clinically localized, intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: Between October 2003 and March 2014, our institution treated 1241 patients with intermediate-risk PCa (RP: n = 531; LDR-BT: n = 710). Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 0.

Enzalutamide in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical treatment in Japan (Japanese research for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-enzalutamide: JCASTRE-zero)-a prospective single-arm interventional study.

Background: The effect of enzalutamide in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade, which represents a patient profile similar to real-world clinical practice in Japan, remains unknown. Therefore, we investigate the efficacy and safety of enzalutamide after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical treatment in Japanese patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods: We analyzed 66 patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after combined androgen blockade for recurrence following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy who were prospectively enrolled from October 2015 to March 2018.

Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in Addition to Docetaxel with Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the role of adding androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), including abiraterone acetate (ABI), apalutamide, darolutamide (DAR), and enzalutamide (ENZ), to docetaxel (DOC) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).

Objective: To analyze the oncologic benefit of triplet combination therapies using ARSI + DOC + ADT, and comparing them with available treatment regimens in patients with mHSPC.

Evidence Acquisition: Three databases and meetings abstracts were queried in April 2022 for RCTs analyzing patients treated with first-line combination systemic therapy for mHSPC.

Sequencing impact and prognostic factors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with cabazitaxel: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cabazitaxel is an effective treatment of post-docetaxel metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We aimed to assess the sequencing impact and identify prognostic factors of oncologic outcomes in mCRPC patients treated with cabazitaxel.

Methods: PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published before January 2022 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for the horseshoe kidney with indocyanine green fluorescence guidance under the modified supine position.

Introduction: Owing to the complexity of their blood supply, renal tumors in horseshoe kidneys are sometimes technically challenging to resect through laparoscopic procedures.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man presented with a 3-cm lower-pole mass in the right moiety of the horseshoe kidney. Indocyanine green administration allowed for the identification of the tumor's feeding artery, which was selectively clamped to perform laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Does castration status affect docetaxel-related adverse events? :Identification of risk factors for docetaxel-related adverse events in metastatic prostate cancer.

Background: Docetaxel-related adverse events (AEs) such as neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) can be life-threatening. A previous in vivo study raised the hypothesis that the castration status affects the rate of hematologic AEs. We aimed to investigate the impact of castration status on the incidence of docetaxel-related AE in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients.

Real-world outcomes and risk stratification in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with upfront abiraterone acetate and docetaxel.

Purpose: We assessed clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) treated with two upfront therapies.

Methods: The medical records of 301 patients with mCSPC treated with androgen deprivation therapy plus upfront abiraterone acetate (ABI) or docetaxel (DOC) between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare survival outcomes.

Effect of upfront intensive therapy on oncological outcomes in older patients with high tumor burden metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The effect of upfront intensive therapy on the prognosis of older patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) remains unclear. Thus, we assessed the impact of older age (≥75 years) on oncological outcomes in mCSPC patients with a high tumor burden.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 252 patients aged ≥75 years treated with either upfront or conventional therapy between 2014 and 2021.

Combination of docetaxel versus nonsteroidal antiandrogen with androgen deprivation therapy for high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the oncologic efficacy of combining docetaxel with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) with ADT in patients with high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) with focus on the effect of sequential therapy in a real-world clinical practice setting.

Methods: The records of 382 patients who harbored high-volume mHSPC, based on the CHAARTED criteria, and had received ADT with either docetaxel (n = 92) or NSAA (bicalutamide) (n = 290) were retrospectively analyzed. The cohorts were matched by one-to-one propensity scores based on patient demographics.

Differential efficacy of ablation therapy versus partial nephrectomy between clinical T1a and T1b renal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To assess the differential clinical outcomes of patients treated with partial nephrectomy (PN) vs. those treated with ablation therapy (AT) such as radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation and microwave ablation for cT1b compared to cT1a renal tumors.

Materials And Methods: Multiple databases were searched for articles published before August 2021.