Publications by authors named "Shin'ichi Miyamoto"
Article Synopsis
- Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev) is the main treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but about 26% of patients don't respond well, indicating a need for better alternatives.
- A study of 302 HCC patients receiving Atezo/Bev identified key predictors of treatment resistance, focusing specifically on the first-line cohort of 214 patients.
- The CRAFITY score was identified as a strong predictor of refractoriness, showing that nearly one-third of patients were unresponsive to the therapy, with varied outcomes based on the score.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates long-term surveillance for gastric cancer, particularly focusing on cases diagnosed 10 or more years after initial treatment.
- It analyzes 377 patients across 14 institutions, revealing that invasive cancers diagnosed after 10 years tend to be more aggressive and have a higher pathological stage compared to those diagnosed sooner.
- The findings emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for all patients, regardless of mucosal atrophy, especially after 10 years post-eradication.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the link between pharmacokinetic parameters of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and the risk of post-endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) bleeding, noting that GI bleeding is a significant concern.
- It found a 12.8% incidence of post-ESD bleeding in patients on DOACs, with factors such as age and FXa activity correlating significantly with bleeding risk.
- The research suggests that measuring drug levels and anticoagulant effectiveness could help identify patients at higher risk for bleeding after ESD procedures.
Article Synopsis
- * An 80-year-old man diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma through imaging and biopsy initially showed no distant metastases, classified as borderline resectable.
- * However, further testing revealed unusual gastrointestinal lesions from pancreatic cancer, highlighting the importance of thorough preoperative assessments, especially total colonoscopy, for better cancer staging.
A colonic depressed lesion was found in a 77-year-old man and suspected as a neoplastic lesion using conventional endoscopy. Magnifying endoscopy, however, did not support it and biopsy revealed the lesion to be AL amyloidosis.
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- Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) are effective for treating malignant gastric outlet obstruction, showing an 86% success rate in improving oral intake among patients studied.
- Key factors associated with longer overall survival post-SEMS placement include earlier cancer stages, better performance status, and receiving chemotherapy afterward, which greatly increases median survival times.
- The study found that while SEMS treatment succeeded technically, additional chemotherapy significantly reduced stent dysfunction rates, especially in pancreatic cancer cases.
Most gastric cancers develop in inflamed gastric mucosa due to Helicobacter pylori infection, typically with metaplastic changes. However, the origins of gastric cancer remain unknown. Here, we present a case of intramucosal gastric carcinoma (IGC) and oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA) derived from spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a risk factor for gastric cancer following infection with Helicobacter pylori. To explore the susceptibility of pure gastric IM to cancer development, we investigated genetic alterations in single IM gastric glands. We isolated 50 single IM or non-IM glands from the inflamed gastric mucosa of 11 patients with intramucosal gastric carcinoma (IGC) and 4 patients without IGC; 19 single glands in the noninflamed gastric mucosa of 11 individuals from our cohort and previous dataset were also included as controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy effectively improves the abnormal bowel habits and abdominal symptoms of patients for a few months post-treatment (PT). However, it is unclear whether the improvement in abnormal bowel habits and symptoms continues long term. Here, we investigated the association of successful H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGoal: This study investigated whether gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs) shrink after discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone.
Background: Long-term use of PPIs has been reported to increase the incidence of GHPs, which sometimes bleed and cause anemia. We experienced a patient whose recurrent hemorrhagic GHPs associated with long-term use of PPIs had disappeared after discontinuation of PPIs.
Background: In Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-uninfected individuals, diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) was reported as the most common type of cancer. However, the carcinogenic mechanism of Hp-uninfected sporadic DGC is largely unknown.
Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing of Hp-uninfected DGCs and Hp-uninfected normal gastric mucosa.
Article Synopsis
- IgA vasculitis typically affects various body parts and is characterized by purpura, but a unique case is reported of a 76-year-old woman without purpura showing symptoms primarily in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Upon hospitalization for diarrhea and abdominal pain, endoscopy revealed severe damage to the duodenum, and biopsy showed significant erosion, alongside decreased coagulation factor XIII activity.
- Despite the absence of classic symptoms like purpura or kidney issues, the diagnosis of IgA vasculitis was confirmed through biopsy findings, and treatment with FXIII concentrate led to rapid symptom improvement and regeneration of the intestinal lining.
Colonic Stenosis Caused by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
April 2022
An Unusual Case of Gastric Leiomyosarcoma Presenting as a Giant Polyp.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
August 2021
Article Synopsis
- Spontaneous regression (SR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is rare, and its mechanisms are not well understood, with this report detailing three unique cases from two institutions.
- All cases exhibited similar endoscopic features, being superficial lesions with a central depression, specifically located in the ascending colon.
- Biopsy specimens indicated a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair proteins, suggesting these were mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) CRCs, potentially linking the dMMR phenotype to enhanced immune responses that may facilitate spontaneous regression.
Objectives: Transoral approaches for laryngeal/pharyngeal malignancies have been widely accepted as minimally invasive treatment options; however, hypopharyngeal lesions treated by transoral surgery have rarely been reported due to the difficulties in visualizing the hypopharynx. Since 2010, we have treated superficial hypopharyngeal lesions with endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery (ELPS), and herein report the outcomes of this transoral procedure.
Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighteen patients with superficial hypopharyngeal lesions were treated by ELPS from February 2010 to February 2017, and the clinical courses of the patients were reviewed.
Whether nutritional assessment and management improves clinical outcomes in patients with clinical T1N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who undergo chemoradiotherapy remains to be demonstrated. This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of such patients pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy and its clinical outcomes. This single institutional retrospective study included patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy for clinical T1N0M0 ESCC using serum albumin concentrations and body weights evaluated pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy from January 2005 to December 2016.
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- Alcohol is a major risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), primarily due to acetaldehyde, a harmful metabolite that damages DNA.
- The enzyme ALDH2 helps detoxify acetaldehyde, but its effectiveness is reduced by genetic variations, leading to increased acetaldehyde levels and higher ESCC risk in heavy drinkers.
- This study showed that Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, can enhance ALDH2 activity and reduce DNA damage caused by alcohol in genetically modified mice, suggesting it might help prevent esophageal cancer linked to alcohol consumption.