International trade in live insects involves the shipping of many different species, for various purposes, with a variety of handling requirements regulated by numerous authorities with varying objectives. The diversity of factors at play has both created and been subject to a complex regulatory landscape. A review of global production, shipping and use experiences from a range of perspectives has shown gaps and inconsistencies in international guidance and national implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report herein the first total synthesis of saptomycin H (), by which the unidentified absolute stereochemistry of the oxiranyl side chain has been determined as 14,16. The keys include (1) concise assembly of three units, anthrone, sugar and side chain, and (2) AZADOL-mediated 6--selective pyranone (A-ring) formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFor exploring general routes to the pluramycin-class of antibiotics, including congeners with epoxide-bearing side chains, syntheses of kidamycinone and its epoxide (epoxykidamycinone) have been achieved. At the stage of the A-ring cyclization with alkene-bearing side chain, the desired 6-endo product was obtained as a major compound, although the corresponding undesired 5-exo product was also formed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn our synthetic study on pluramycin-class antibiotics, an unexpected issue arose, i.e., unfavorable regioselectivity of 5- rather than 6- cyclization to form the pyranone ring.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvasive alien species spread through the environment and threaten native biodiversity, assisted by the absence of natural enemies. Alien species may also carry pathogens, which can be transmitted to native species. About half of the known endangered species are under threat from invasive alien species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBarcoding scientists aspire to adhere to the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity by promoting conservation, sustainability, and the equitable sharing of benefits arising from use of genetic resources. (Image: Juan Manuel Escalante, wwww.realitat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotoinduced electron transfer (ET) in zinc-substituted cytochrome c (Zn-cyt c) has been utilized in many studies on the long-range ET in protein. Attempting to understand its ET mechanism in terms of electronic structure of the molecule, we have calculated an all-electron wave function for the ground-state of Zn-cyt c on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). The four molecular orbitals (MOs) responsible for excitation by UV-vis light (Gouterman's 4-orbitals) are assigned on the basis of the excited states of chromophore model for Zn-porphine complex calculated with the time-dependent DFT method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Study Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is sometimes unsuccessful because the anatomy of the papilla of Vater precludes cannulation by routine means. The efficacy of a new flexible tip cannula (the Swing Tip) was studied in patients in whom routine ERCP was unsuccessful.
Patients And Methods: The Swing Tip cholangiographic catheter has an articulation at its tip which allows the tip to be flexed from 90 degrees to 30 degrees.
Background And Study Aims: The outcome of stenting gastric outlet stricture is favorable compared with a bypass operation which has significant morbidity and mortality. In Japan, this procedure is particularly complicated by a lack of enteral stents. We report some technical stratagems for stent placement for gastric outlet strictures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuodenal stenting has been gradually established in recent years because it is less invasive than standard surgical procedures and produces a rapid therapeutic response. For palliation of both duodenal and biliary stenoses, double stenting may be performed. Duodenal stents offer a great advantage in allowing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) without the need for balloon dilation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of somatic mutations in Ig variable region genes on the affinity maturation of autoantibodies were investigated using single precursor B cell-derived anti-double-stranded DNA mAb generated from an autoimmune disease-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mouse. Analyses of DNA sequences, homology modeling on a graphic computer and molecular dynamics simulation of antigen-binding sites showed that any single site of mutation and changes in the electrostatic or hydrogen-bonding potential of the residues and in the three-dimensional structure could not solely explain the difference in DNA-binding activities. However, a significant increase in the flexibility of antigen-binding Fv loops, particularly VL CDR1 and VH CDR3, was associated with affinity-maturated anti-DNA antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Hybridoma Data Bank (HDB) has been developed with the collaboration of ATCC (USA), Cerdic (Europe) and RIKEN (Japan). The database holds more than 23000 records of the monoclonal antibodies. HDB is designed to meet diverse research requirements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe quantitation of chemotaxis in vitro was developed with a computer-assisted scanning densitometer. The method of estimating the number of cells on a filter was based on the photo-reflection from the nuclei of stained cells. Samples obtained from a 48-well micro chemotaxis assembly were successfully analyzed by this method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta
April 1985
Rat splenocytes were provoked to lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner by cumene hydroperoxide. After exposure to cumene hydroperoxide, formation of high molecular weight protein, presumably through cross-linking of lower molecular weight protein, was stimulated in splenocytes as well as in erythrocyte ghosts. The mitogenic response to concanavalin A of splenocytes was remarkably depressed by addition of cumene hydroperoxide to cultures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)
October 1983
The intestinal absorption of dinitrophenyl-lysine (DNP-lys) was studied with a special interest on the role of the immune system in the absorption of small molecules which are recognized as nonself. [3H]-DNP-lys was rapidly absorbed by ligated intestinal loops in situ via a saturable and unique route. When [3H]-DNP-lys was preincubated with the immune serum obtained from rats immunized with dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA), the [3H]-DNP-lys absorption was depressed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)
October 1983
The effect of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor system has been studied by using pig intestinal chromatin. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate did not affect the binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to its receptor extracted from chromatin with hypertonic KCl, although in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-receptor complexes were not readily precipitated with polyethylene glycol. In contrast, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate showed a potency to dissociate the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor from chromatin in a dose-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)
August 1983
The effect of protein-energy malnutrition on biliary immunoglobulins was investigated in rats fed isocaloric diets containing 0.5%, 5%, and 18% casein, respectively. Growth was severely retarded in rats fed 0.
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