Development of the serotonin release assay with enterochromaffin cell-rich human intestinal organoids for the risk evaluation of drug-induced emesis.

Drug-induced emesis is one of the major symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity. Preclinical risk assessment of emesis has been challenging owing to the lack of suitable animal models or in vitro assay systems. One of the triggers of emesis is an excessive serotonin (5-HT) release from enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the intestinal tract, which activates the vomiting center in the brain stem and elicits the vomiting reflex.

DABCO-Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate as a Latent Thermal Catalyst in the Reaction of Urethane Synthesis.

The mixture of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and butanol (BuOH) with the intercalation compound of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) has been evaluated as a latent thermal catalyst at varying temperatures.

Idiopathic superior mesenteric venous thrombosis requiring bowel resection: a report of four cases.

Background: Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis (SMVT) is mostly treated with anticoagulation therapy; however, SMVT can lead to irreversible bowel ischemia and require bowel resection in the acute or subacute phase.

Case Presentation: We report four cases of SMVT that required careful observation and bowel resection. Case 1: A 71-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting that showed a completely occluded SMV with thrombus and small bowel ischemia.

Clinical Benefits of Reducing Dead Space Using a Closed Suction Drain and Subcutaneous Large-bite Buried Suture Technique to Prevent Superficial Surgical-site Infections Following Primary Closure of a Diverting Stoma.

Objectives: Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are the most common complication after stoma closure. We propose a new method for wound closure using the subcutaneous large-bite buried suture (SLBS) technique and a closed suction drain (CSD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a combination of the SLBS technique and a CSD to prevent superficial SSIs following stoma closure.

Preoperative albumin-bilirubin score and liver resection percentage determine postoperative liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Background: The success of liver resection relies on the ability of the remnant liver to regenerate. Most of the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of liver regeneration comes from rodent studies, and data on humans are scarce. Additionally, there is limited knowledge about the preoperative factors that influence postoperative regeneration.

Aberrant Glycosylation in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma 3D Organoids Is Mediated by KRAS Mutations.

Aberrant glycosylation in tumor cells is a hallmark during carcinogenesis. KRAS gene mutations are the most well-known oncogenic abnormalities but their association with glycan alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely unknown. We employed patient-derived 3D organoids to culture pure live PDAC cells, excluding contamination by fibroblasts and immune cells, to gasp the comprehensive cancer cell surface glycan expression profile using lectin microarray and transcriptomic analyses.

Hypoxia at 3D organoid establishment selects essential subclones within heterogenous pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is especially hypoxic and composed of heterogeneous cell populations containing hypoxia-adapted cells. Hypoxia as a microenvironment of PDAC is known to cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to therapy. Therefore, cells adapted to hypoxia possess malignant traits that should be targeted for therapy.

Evaluation of the risk of diarrhea induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with cultured intestinal stem cells originated from crypts in humans and monkeys.

Severe diarrhea is a common side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). We aimed to evaluate the risk of EGFR-TKI-induced diarrhea using spheroids of human and monkey crypt-derived intestinal stem cells. Intestinal spheroids exhibited higher toxic susceptibility to EGFR-TKIs than Caco-2 cells.

Total Superior Mesenteric Artery Nerve Plexus Preservation During Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) nerve plexus (PLsma) dissection has been performed to achieve R0 resection in pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in high-volume centers. However, full-extent PLsma preservation in PD is employed in our institution. The feasibility of the PLsma preservation strategy was investigated.

Triple modal treatment comprising with proton beam radiation, hyperthermia, and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I/II study protocol (TT-LAP trial).

Background: Locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), accounting for about 30% of PDAC patients, is difficult to cure by radical resection or systemic chemotherapy alone. A multidisciplinary strategy is required and our TT-LAP trial aims to evaluate whether triple-modal treatment with proton beam therapy (PBT), hyperthermia, and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel is a safe and synergistically effective treatment for patients with locally advanced PDAC.

Methods: This trial is an interventional, open-label, non-randomized, single-center, single-arm phase I/II clinical trial organized and sponsored by the University of Tsukuba.

Novel positron emission tomography imaging targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer: F-labeled rBC2LCN lectin.

Advancement in early detection modalities will greatly improve the overall prognoses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). For this purpose, we report a novel class of tumor-specific probes for positron emission tomography (PET) based on targeting cell surface glycans. The PDAC-targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin, combined with fluorine-18 ( F) ([ F]FB-rBC2LCN), resulted in reproducible, high-contrast PET imaging of tumors in a PDAC xenograft mouse model.

Culture of circulating tumor cells using a microfilter device.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with cancer metastasis and prognosis but their scarcity in whole blood prevents their use as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of the present study was to establish a novel approach to capture and cultivate CTCs using a microfilter device. The present study was a prospective study of patients with pancreatic cancer at the University of Tsukuba Hospital (Tsukuba, Japan).

DBU-intercalated γ-titanium phosphate as a latent thermal catalyst in the reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA).

The capabilities and performance of γ-titanium phosphate (γ-TiP) with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as a latent thermal catalyst were investigated by the copolymerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) at different temperatures for a period of one hour.

Clinical advantage of transmediastinal esophagectomy in terms of postoperative respiratory complications.

Background: Although the transmediastinal approach as a radical esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma patients has attracted attention, its advantages over the transthoracic approach remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transmediastinal esophagectomy (TME) in terms of postoperative respiratory complications compared to that of open transthoracic esophagectomy (TTE).

Methods: We reviewed patients with thoracic and abdominal esophageal carcinoma who underwent TME or TTE between February 2014 and November 2021.

Well-concealed advanced duodenal carcinoma with Muir-Torre syndrome: a case report and review of literature.

Background: Muir-Torre syndrome is an autosomal-dominant mutation in mismatch repair genes that gives rise to sebaceous tumors and visceral malignancies over time. Because colorectal and genitourinary cancers are common in Muir-Torre syndrome, duodenal carcinoma diagnoses are often delayed.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented with severe emaciation, anorexia, and upper abdominal pain.

rBC2LCN-reactive SERPINA3 is a glycobiomarker candidate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Early detection is urgently needed to improve the patient's pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survival. Previously, we identified a novel tumor-associated glycan, H-type3, which is expressed on PDAC cells and is detected by rBC2LCN (recombinant N-terminal domain of BC2L-C identified from Burkholderia cenocepacia) lectin. Here, we identified that SERPINA3 is an rBC2LCN-reactive glycoprotein (BC2-S3) secreted from PDAC cells into the blood in patients with PDAC by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and lectin blotting.

Transhiatal bilateral thoracic duct ligation for duplicated thoracic duct injury after esophagectomy: a case report.

Background: The treatment of duplicated thoracic ducts (TDs) injury after esophagectomy generally requires a bilateral transthoracic approach. We present the cases of two patients with postoperative chylothorax who underwent transhiatal bilateral TD ligation for duplicated TDs.

Case Presentation: Two patients diagnosed with chylothorax after esophagectomy performed for thoracic esophageal cancer underwent transhiatal TD ligation.

Lectin-based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to current treatments but lectin-based therapy targeting cell surface glycans could be a promising new horizon. Here, we report a novel lectin-based phototherapy (Lec-PT) that combines the PDAC targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin to a photoabsorber, IRDye700DX (rBC2-IR700), resulting in a novel and highly specific near-infrared, light-activated, anti-PDAC therapy. Lec-PT cytotoxicity was first verified in vitro with a human PDAC cell line, Capan-1, indicating that rBC2-IR700 is only cytotoxic upon cellular binding and exposure to near-infrared light.

Potential Applicability of Local Resection With Prophylactic Left Gastric Artery Basin Dissection for Early-Stage Gastric Cancer in the Upper Third of the Stomach.

Purpose: Total or proximal gastrectomy of the upper-third early gastric cancer (u-EGC) often causes severe post-gastrectomy syndrome, suggesting that these procedures are extremely invasive for patients without pathologically positive lymph node (LN) metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of a stomach function-preserving surgery, local resection (LR), with prophylactic left gastric artery (LGA)-basin dissection (LGA-BD).

Materials And Methods: The data of patients with u-EGC (pathologically diagnosed as T1) were retrospectively analyzed.

Pancreatic juice outflow in pancreatojejunostomy monitoring with the inter-anastomosis drainage tube; a retrospective observational study.

Background: Pancreatic fistula remains the biggest problem in pancreatic surgery. We have previously reported a new pancreatojejunostomy method using an inter-anastomosis drainage (IAD) suction tube with Blumgart anastomosis for drainage of the pancreatic juice leaking from the branched pancreatic ducts. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of our novel method, in pancreatojejunostomy and investigate the nature of the inter-anastomosis space between jejunal wall and pancreas parenchyma.

Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among general surgeons in Japan.

Purpose: General surgeons are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), especially in their neck and back. The prevalence and risk factors for surgeons' WRMSDs in Japan have not been well surveyed.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on WRMSDs was conducted among general surgeons in Japan.

Glycan expression profile of signet ring cell gastric cancer cells and potential applicability of rBC2LCN-targeted lectin drug conjugate therapy.

Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer (GC); however, the specific characteristics of cancer cell surface glycans and glycosylation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated SRC-specific glycans using lectin microarray and evaluated the potential applicability of a glycan-targeting therapy.

Methods: SRC cell lines (NUGC-4 and KATO-III) and non-SRC (NSRC) cell lines (NCI-N87, SNU-1, and MKN-45) were subjected to lectin microarray analysis to identify the SRC-specific glycans.

Prediction of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure with a Combination of Albumin-Bilirubin Score and Liver Resection Percentage.

Background: Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a main cause of death after partial hepatectomy. The aim of this study was to develop a practical stratification system using the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and liver resection percentage to predict severe PHLF and conduct safe hepatectomy.

Methods: Between January 2002 and March 2021, 361 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were enrolled.

Usefulness of Human Jejunal Spheroid-Derived Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells for the Prediction of Intestinal Drug Absorption in Humans.

This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells as a novel in vitro model for clarifying the impact of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs in humans. Three-dimensional human intestinal spheroids were successfully established from surgical human jejunal specimens and expanded for a long period using L-WRN-conditioned medium, which contains Wnt3a, R-spondin 3, and noggin. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal pharmacokinetics-related genes in the human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells were drastically increased over a 5-day period after seeding compared with those in human jejunal spheroids and were approximately the same as those in human jejunal tissue over a culture period of at least 13 days.