Dietary reference intake for military operations: a scoping review.

Background: Reports that collect and organize dietary reference intake (DRI) data for military operations in different countries and regions worldwide are limited.This scoping review aimed to collect and organize information on the status of formulating a DRI for military operations in each country.

Methodology: For the information search, we queried PubMed and Google for literature and reports on the DRI for military operations and summarized the content of the adopted literature and reports.

Identification of Factors Necessary for Enabling Technology-Based Dietary Record Surveys: A Qualitative Focus Group Interview with Japanese Dietitians.

Weighed food records together with an in-person interview approach constitute the most basic methods used to estimate energy and nutrient intakes in dietary surveys. In the background of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, the need for non-face-to-face dietary surveys using information and communication technology (ICT) is increasing. We aimed to evaluate ICT-based dietary record surveys and identify factors that may enable this survey method to become more widely used in the future.

Incidence of spontaneous lymphomas in non-experimental NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγ (NOG) mice.

Severely immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγ (NOG) mice provide an in vivo model for human cell/tissue transplantation studies. NOG mice were established by combining interleukin-2 receptor-γ chain knockout mice and NOD/Shi-scid mice. They exhibit a high incidence of thymic lymphomas and immunoglobulin (Ig) leakiness.

Early Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells Change their Characteristics Drastically in Association with Murine Melanoma Progression.

Dendritic cells (DCs) have a critical effect on the outcome of adaptive immune responses against growing tumors. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) play diverse roles in the regulation of tumor regression or growth, but the characteristics that distinguish those effects are obscure. In this study, we investigated the frequency, phenotype, and function of TIDCs over time from early stages of melanoma growth in mice.

High prevalence of amantadine-resistance influenza a (H3N2) in six prefectures, Japan, in the 2005-2006 season.

Substantial increase in amantadine-resistant influenza A (H3N2) was reported in Asia and North America in 2005. In this study the frequency and genetic characteristics of amantadine-resistant influenza A, circulated in Japan in 2005-2006 season, were investigated. Isolates were tested by amantadine susceptibility test (TCID(50)/0.

An off-seasonal amantadine-resistant H3N2 influenza outbreak in Japan.

An off-season community influenza outbreak with high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza A/H3N2 occurred during September-October 2005 in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, prior to standard influenza circulation. A total of 48 patients with influenza-like-illness (ILI) visited a clinic during the outbreak and 27 (69.2%) of 39 ILI patients were positive for influenza A with rapid antigen testing (Quick Vue Rapid SP Influ).

Expression of prostaglandin E synthase mRNA is induced in beta-amyloid treated rat astrocytes.

Deposition of beta-amyloid (A beta) in the brain is considered to be one of the most critical events in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to identify factors involved in the exacerbation of AD, we investigated transcriptionally A beta-induced genes using a cDNA subtraction technique in rat astrocytes. One gene obtained was rat prostaglandin (PG) E synthase.

CD4+CD45RA+ cells (suppressor-inducer T cells) in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease.

Previously, we used dual immunofluorescent analysis and showed that the thyroid gland from patients with Graves' disease had a reduced number of CD4+CD45RA+ cells, but an increased number of complementary CD4+CDw29+ cells. An immunohistochemical study, however, produced opposite results; interstitial lymphocytes predominantly expressed the CD45RA+ rather than the CDw29+ phenotype. Because the difference in findings may be due to differences in the techniques used, we did the following experiments: Mononuclear cells were treated with various amounts of collagenase (50-1000 mg/l) which had no effect on the cell surface antigens CD3, CD4 and CD45RA.

[A case of aortitis syndrome complicated with amyloidosis, type AA].

We recently saw a patient who had aortitis syndrome associated with secondary amyloidosis. To our knowledge, she is the fourth report of this complication occurring in aortitis syndrome. In November 1985, the patient, a 18 year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital because of a high fever, back pain, abdominal pain and general fatigue.

[Spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the dysfunction of the brainstem].

The heart rate variability, modulated by autonomic nervous system, has been reported to decrease in depression of the central nervous system, especially of the brainstem. To assess the brainstem dysfunction, we analyzed R-R interval values (the intervals between R waves of ECG) in 9 children (7 in comatose children and 2 in central apnea) by spectral analysis using an autoregressive model. The findings of spectral analysis were compared with those of auditory brainstem response (ABR).

Cytokine regulation of HLA on thyroid epithelial cells.

The regulation of class I and class II HLA expression in human thyroid follicular cells was studied in vitro. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhanced the expression of class I antigen on thyrocytes, but these cytokines had little effect on the expression of class II antigen. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) did not affect class I and class II antigen expression.

Inhibitory effects of gold sodium thiomalate on the proliferation and interferon-gamma induced HLA-DR expression in human endothelial cells.

Our study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) on the proliferation and HLA-DR antigen expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC). The proliferation of the EC was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation into the EC. The expression of HLA-DR antigen on the surface of the EC was detected by an indirect immunofluorescent method using a fluorescent flow cytometer.

Phenotypic characterization of lymphocytes infiltrating synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of lymphocytes isolated from minced synovial tissue by dual immunofluorescent staining.

The phenotypic markers of mononuclear cells in synovial tissue from 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified by a dual immunofluorescent method. The mononuclear cells were isolated from synovial tissue by mechanical disaggregation and an enzymatic digestion technique. The results revealed a marked reduction in CD4+2H4+ cells (suppressor inducer T cells) and an increment in CD4+4B4+ cells (helper T cells) among CD4+ cells in synovial tissue.

[Assessment and treatment of respiratory dysfunction in severely handicapped children: respiratory disorders during sleep].

In severely handicapped patients, chronic respiratory insufficiencies and recurrent hypoxemia especially during sleep are one of the major problems to take care of them. To clarify the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders during sleep, we examined 5 severely handicapped patients with no respiratory distress during wakefulness, but with signs of latent respiratory insufficiency by means of polygraphical all-night study including the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) monitoring. In the severely handicapped patients, sleep hypoxemia occurred frequently.

Abnormal B lymphocyte function in thyroid glands from patients with Graves' disease.

Thyroid-infiltrating B lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease were investigated in regard to their phenotypic profiles, cell size, cell cycle status, proliferative response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC), and spontaneous production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and antithyroidal autoantibodies. Thyroid tissues and peripheral blood were obtained at the time of subtotal thyroidectomy of 27 Graves' patients who had been treated with thionamide drugs and iodide before operation. Two intrathyroidal mononuclear cell populations were obtained from these thyroid tissues.

Elevation of a tumor associated antigen CA 19-9 levels in patients with rheumatic diseases.

We investigated the incidence and characteristics of an elevated tumor associated antigen CA 19-9 in patients with rheumatic diseases. Serum concentration of CA 19-9 was increased in 13 of 39 patients (33.3%) with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in 6 of 19 patients (31.

[A case of progressive systemic sclerosis accompanied with rheumatoid arthritis].

A 37-year old man was suffered from Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and polyarthritis involving knees, shoulders, and hands. Recurrent skin ulcers were present in finger tips. Laboratory studies showed positive RA test, antinuclear antibody (nucleolar type), and anti-Scl 70 antibody.

Cytotoxic activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated killer cells toward thyroid epithelial cells.

We investigated the sensitivity of thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) to IL-2 activated killer cells. The thyrocytes were lysed by autologous and allogeneic IL-2-activated killer cells; there were no differences in sensitivity to the killer cells between normal thyrocytes and thyrocytes from patients with Graves' disease. When thyrocytes were pretreated with recombinant interferon (rIFN) gamma or alpha, the IL-2-activated killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity was depressed and varied inversely with the cell surface expression of class I HLA gene products.

Increment of Tal positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Recently it was demonstrated that the Tal antigen is a marker for activated T cells and the population of Tal+ cells includes memory T cells. Our study was undertaken to analyze Tal+ cells in peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examine the correlation between the proportion of Tal+ cells and disease activity. Using a dual immunofluorescent method, T cell subsets were analyzed in peripheral blood from 46 patients with RA, 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 10 healthy subjects.

Increment in the Ta1+ cells in the peripheral blood and thyroid tissue of patients with Graves' disease.

The present study utilized the anti-Ta1 mAb to characterize the cell surface phenotypes of peripheral blood and intrathyroidal lymphocytes in patients with Graves' disease. We found an increase in PBL bearing the Ta1 Ag in untreated patients. The euthyroid patients in remission, induced by antithyroidal drugs, radioisotope therapy, and subtotal thyroidectomy, had lower percentages of Ta1+ cells than did untreated patients.

Interleukin-1 production and action in thyroid tissue.

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and whether thyrocytes produce IL-1. The supernatants of cultured peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into thyrocytes from normal subjects and patients with Grave's disease. The IL-1 levels of cultured supernatants of monocytes were measured by a thymocyte costimulation assay and a solid phase sandwich immunoenzymometric assay.

Infantile cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with neonatal death.

A newborn male presented with severe respiratory insufficiency, generalized muscle weakness, and lactic acidemia. Immediately after admission, he was placed on a respirator because of respiratory arrest. He deteriorated rapidly and died 75 hours after birth.

Nemaline myopathy: comparative muscle histochemistry in the severe neonatal, moderate congenital, and adult-onset forms.

A histochemical study of biopsied muscle specimens from patients with the 3 forms of nemaline myopathy (i.e., severe neonatal, moderate congenital, and adult-onset), classified on the basis of clinical symptoms, was conducted.

Phenotypic analyses and concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell dysfunction of intrathyroidal lymphocytes from patients with Graves' disease.

The expression of phenotypic markers and Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor activity was compared among mononuclear cells isolated from thyroid glands and peripheral blood of thionamide-treated patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease and peripheral blood from normal subjects. Intrathyroidal lymphocytes were obtained by two different methods (TG-1 and TG-2 cells), gradient centrifugation of supernatants of minced thyroid tissue and overnight culture of thyroid debris after mechanical disaggregation and enzymatic digestion, respectively. The percentages of CD3+ cells (all mature T cells) among peripheral blood and TG-1 and TG-2 cells from Graves' patients were similar, but the percentages of B1+ cells (pan B cells) among the TG-1 and TG-2 cells were markedly increased compared to that in peripheral blood.