Induction of fimbriated Vibrio cholerae O139.

Several fimbriated phases of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains were selectively induced and compared immunologically and biochemically with those of V. cholerae O1. Fimbrial antigens were detected on the surfaces of vibrio cells colonizing the epithelial cells of a rabbit small intestine.

Characterization of filamentous phages of Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1.

We have analyzed our collection of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains to determine whether filamentous phages are produced in their culture supernatants, and whether any replicative form of DNA is detectable in cell lysates. Two types of filamentous phage, designated fs1 (6.4 kb) and fs2 (8.

Morphological features of a filamentous phage of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal.

A filamentous phage was isolated from carrier strain AI-1841 of Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal and thus was termed fs phage. The phage was measured to be approximately 1 microm in length and 6 nm in width. One end of the phage was slightly tapered and had a fibrous appendage.

The occurrence of macrophage-like cholera toxin uptake cells in the intestinal villi of suckling rats.

An oral administration of cholera toxin (CT. 10m g) caused diarrhea in infant rats ranging in age from 1 to 14 days. After administration of the toxin a time sequence study was carried out using highly sensitive immunohistochemical procedures.

Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding Vibrio cholerae O1 fimbrial subunit (fimbrillin).

The gene encoding an 18 kDa fimbrial subunit of Vibrio cholerae O1 was identified in a fimbriate strain Bgd17. Mixed oligoprimers were prepared based on the amino acid sequence of the N-terminus and that from a cyanogen bromide-cleaved fragment of the fimbrillin. A PCR-amplified 185 bp DNA fragment was sequenced.

Purification and characterization of a protein cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae extracted from the prawn shell surface.

A substance cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae on the prawn shell surface was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. It was a protein of 81 kDa and called cryoprotective protein (CPP). The cryoprotective activity of this protein for V.

Immunogenicity of Vibrio cholerae O1 fimbriae in animal and human cholera.

Parenteral immunization with either formalin-fixed whole cells of the fimbriate Bgd17 strain or purified fimbriae protected against Vibrio cholerae O1 infection in rabbits, independent of biotype and serotype. Parenteral immunization of adult rabbits with purified fimbriae prior to V. cholerae O1 challenge resulted in a reduction of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in the number of bacteria recovered from the small intestines of immunized rabbits in comparison to non-immunized controls.

Extraction from prawn shells of substances cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae.

Substances cryoprotective for Vibrio cholerae were detected from prawn shells immersed in phosphate-buffered saline. This cryoprotective activity was heat resistant and sensitive to treatment with trypsin. For the exhibition of its full activity, the presence of Mg ion was indispensable.

Effects of chitin and its soluble derivatives on survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 at low temperature.

Chitin concentrations greater than 0.04% (wt/wt) protected cholera vibrios against killing at low temperature. This protective effect was detected with both the soluble form of chitin, glycol chitin, and the insoluble particulate form of chitin.

The characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolated in Kenya in 1983.

A total of 245 strains of Vibrio cholerae 01 and two strains of V. cholerae non-01 were isolated and collected from diarrhoeal patients in Homa Bay District Hospital and the other medical facilities in Nyanza Province, Kenya in 1983. The majority of V.

Lysogenicity and prophage type of the strains of Vibrio cholerae O-1 isolated mainly from the natural environment.

Attention has recently been given to the increasingly frequent detection of atypical Vibrio cholerae O-1 in the natural environments throughout the world. Lysogenicity of V. cholerae O-1, mainly isolated from environmental sources in nine areas, including the United States, was studied by electron microscopy and a cross-lysis test between bacteria and the culture supernatants.

New method for the detection of a lethal factor in vibrios.

When vibriocinogenic vibrios were mixed with an indicator strain, "lacunas" (plaquelike clearings) were observed, thus providing a new method for detection of vibriocins.